Table 3.

Summary of findings of shoulder arthroplasty

Outcomes	N	Patients (TXA/non-TXA)	Overall effect		Heterogeneity
			RR or MD (95% CI)	P	I2	P
Rate of blood transfusion
All included studies	5	319/313	0.34 [0.14, 0.79]	0.02	0%	0.42
Randomized controlled trials	3	136/131	0.23 [0.07, 0.77]	0.01	NA	NA
RTSA	4	141/150	0.28 [0.10, 0.83]	0.02	0%	0.47
Estimated total blood loss (ml)
All included studies	3	157/170	-249.24 [−338.74, −159.74]	<  0.00001	20%	0.29
Randomized controlled trials	2	80/76	− 357.92 [− 504.25, −211.59]	<  0.00001	0%	0.87
RTSA	2	95/101	−249.15 [−426.60, −71.70]	0.006	64%	0.10
Hb change within 48 h after surgery (g/dl)a
All included studies	5	316/310	−0.64 [− 0.81, − 0.46]	0.009	0%	0.72
Randomized controlled trials	2	109/104	−0.65 [− 1.14, − 0.16]	<  0.00001	42%	0.19
RTSA	4	153/158	−0.64 [− 0.86, − 0.42]	<  0.0001	0%	0.66
IV TXA	5	260/255	−0.60 [− 0.79, − 0.41]	<  0.0001	0%	0.79
Topical TXA	1	56/55	−0.90 [− 1.42, − 0.38]	0.0007	NA	NA
Blood loss via drainage within 48 h after surgery (ml)a
All included studies	4	160/155	−95.41 [−139.86, − 50.96]	<  0.001	65%	0.04
Randomized controlled trials	3	136/131	−105.78 [− 159.88, −51.68]	0.001	71%	0.03
RTSA	3	111/106	−84.56 [−145.72, −23.39]	0.007	80%	0.007
IV TXA	3	104/100	−110.04 [− 159.03, −61.06]	<  0.0001	65%	0.04
Topical TXA	1	56/55	−60.00 [−103.29, − 16.71]	0.007	NA	NA
Operation time (min)	3	183/161	−1.08 [−4.91, 2.74]	0.58	0%	0.42
Hospital stay (day)	2	159/137	− 0.04 [− 0.45, 0.37]	0.84	75%	0.05
Overall complications	6	343/337	0.44 [0.07, 2.96]	0.40	0%	0.95
Thromboembolic events	6	343/337	0.31 [0.01, 7.40]	0.47	NA	NA

CI Confidence interval; Hb Hemoglobin; MD Mean difference; N Number of studies; NA Not applicable; RTSA Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty; TXA Tranexamic acid

^aData from Gillespie 2015 and Friedman 2017 were estimated from median and range