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. 2018 Feb 16;8:3153. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21578-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The presentation format of each trial in the visual 1-back task and the control task. (a) shows all 15 figures used in the visual 1-back task and the control task. (b) displays the procedure for the visual 1-back task. In each trial, a 500-ms fixation point was first presented at the center of the screen, followed by a 100-ms blank and then a probe of the five-figure string centered on the fixation, for 200 ms. The string was followed by a 100-ms blank, and finally, the target of a single figure appeared below or above (each for half of the trials) the median horizontal line. The participants were required to press different keys to judge whether the target figure was present in the above string or not. The letter (c) shows the presentation format of each trial in the control task for single figure recognition. The procedure was generally similar to that in the visual 1-back task, except that the probe comprised only one figure instead of a five-figure string. The participants were asked to judge whether the target was the same as the probe or not, by pressing different keys.