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. 2018 Feb 16;8:3167. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21548-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histological changes in the transverse aortic arch four weeks after TAC with the DLC technique. (a) Confocal microscopic images of the murine aortic arch. The transverse sections progress from proximal (upper left) to distal arch (lower right). As the section with the minimal luminal area (middle row, center panel) is approaching, a progressive thickening of the intimal layer is observed. This phenomenon does not appear distally to the constriction. Toluidin blue stained semithin sections of the aortic mid arch in the area of constriction (b to d). (b and c) Transverse sections disclose outward folds of the aortic wall in the vicinity of the constriction that (c) are partial or totally occupied by cellular elements, whereas the lamellar medial units appear compressed and devoid of smooth muscle cells. Adjacent to the folds the media appears reticulated and thickened with normal cellularity. (d) A residual empty channel with a fibrous sheath cover (*) reveals the position of the constricting suture in a longitudinal section.