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. 2018 Feb 16;8:3176. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21621-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages, BV2 microglial cells, and BMMs. Cell viability was measured using a CCK-8 assay and a live/dead staining kit. (A,B) The macrophages were treated with each concentration of TUDCA (0, 20, 100, 200, 500, 2000, and 5000 μM) for 24 h. (C,D) The BV2 microglial cells were treated with each concentration of TUDCA (0, 20, 100, 200, 500, 2000, and 5000 μM) for 24 h. (E,F) The BMMs were treated with each concentration of TUDCA (0, 20, 100, 200, 500, 2000, and 5000 μM) for 24 h. Results are the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments: **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, significant difference as compared to the control group and to each other by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis.