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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2018 Jan 16;373:122–136. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.018

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Combined effects of maternal separation (MS) stress and social defeat stress (SDS) on the transcription of genes involved in endorphin and neurotrophin signaling in the nucleus accumbens compared to control (Con) animals. Quantification of real-time PCR data using primers specific for MOR1 (A), KOR1 (B), DOR1 (C), PENK (D), PDYN (E), POMC (F), BDNF (G), and CREB (H). Black bars show data from control mice not subjected to SDS; grey bars show data from mice exposed to SDS. Δ indicates significant main effect of SDS, * indicates a significant main effect of MS, ‘x’ denotes significant MS by SDS interaction by two way ANOVA. N = 8 mice per group.