Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study patients and subcohorts
| All patients entered into database | Only patients eligible for multivariable analysis | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All fluids | Crystalloids only | Crystalloids + colloids | Crystalloids + HES 130/0.4 | All Fluids | Crystalloids only | Crystalloids + colloids | Crystalloids + HES 130/0.4 | Crystalloids vs. colloids (all/eligible for multivariable analysis) | |
| N (n [%]) | 4545 [100] | 2482 [54.6] | 2063 [45.4] | 1175 [25.9] | 3902 [100] | 1888 [48.4] | 2014 [51.6] | 1128 [28.9] | |
| Age (years) | 68 [55; 76] | 68 [55; 76] | 68 [56; 75] | 68 [55; 76] | 68 [55; 76] | 68 [55; 76] | 68 [56; 75] | 68 [55;76] | 0.784/0.641b |
| Gender, male (n [%]) | 2788 [61.3] | 1491 [60.1] | 1297 [62.9] | 761 [64.8] | 2392 [61.3] | 1123 [59.5] | 1269 [67.2] | 730 [64.7] | 0.058/0.026c |
| Admission type: surgical (n [%]) | 3223 [70.9] | 1714 [69.1] | 1509 [73.1] | 986 [83.9] | 2782 [71.3] | 1316 [69.7] | 1466 [72.8] | 955 [84.7] | 0.003/0.036c |
| Cardiac surgery (n [%]) | 686 [15.1] | 310 [12.5] | 376 [18.2] | 351 [29.9] | 659 [16.9] | 290 [15.4] | 369 [18.3] | 348 [30.9] | <0.001/0.015c |
| Severe sepsis on admission (n [%]) | 394 [8.7] | 184 [7.4] | 210 [10.2] | 71 [6.0] | 370 [9.5] | 163 [8.6] | 207 [10.3] | 71 [6.3] | 0.001/0.090c |
| History of CKD (n [%]) | 828 [18.2] | 449 [18.1] | 379 [18.4] | 161 [13.7] | 622 [15.9] | 312 [16.5] | 310 [16.4] | 144 [12.4] | 0.837/0.356c |
| APACHE II | 20 [14, 25] | 18 [13, 23] | 22 [17, 27] | 24 [19, 30] | 20 [14, 25] | 18 [13, 23] | 22 [17, 27] | 24 [19, 30] | <0.001/< 0.001b |
| SAPS II | 21 [9; 36] | 17 [7, 31] | 25 [11; 41] | 34 [18; 52] | 21 [9; 36] | 17 [8, 31] | 25 [11; 41] | 34 [18; 52] | <0.001/< 0.001b |
| Probability of mortality [%]a | 39.0 | 33.3 | 44.7 | 50.7 | 39.1 | 33.1 | 44.7 | 51.0 | <0.001/< 0.001b |
| AKI (RIFLE “failure”) (n [%]) | 560 [12.3] | 174 [7.0] | 386 [18.7] | 179 [15.2] | 549 [14.1] | 167 [8.8] | 382 [19] | 178 [15.8] | <0.001/< 0.001c |
| Renal replacement therapy in ICU (n [%]) | 361 [7.9] | 78 [3.1] | 283 [13.7] | 133 [11.3] | 358 [9.2] | 76 [4] | 282 [14] | 133 [11.8] | <0.001/< 0.001c |
| ICU mortality (n [%]) | 408 [9.3] | 129 [5.5] | 279 [13.8] | 119 [10.2] | 367 [9.4] | 92 [4.9] | 275 [13.7] | 118 [10.5] | <0.001/< 0.001c |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 3 [1, 9] | 2 [1, 5] | 6 [3, 12] | 5 [2, 11] | 4 [2, 8] | 2 [1, 5] | 6 [3, 13] | 5 [3, 11] | <0.001/< 0.001b |
| 90-day mortality (n [%]) | 707 [20.1] | 284 [15.4] | 423 [25.2] | 191 [18.8] | 613 [22.4] | 198 [14.6] | 415 [30.1] | 187 [21.9] | <0.001/< 0.001c |
Data are given as absolute number and percentage or median [25th; 75th percentiles], as appropriate
AKI acute kidney injury, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score, CKD chronic kidney disease, ICU intensive care unit, SAPS simplified acute physiology score
aProbability of mortality was calculated from APACHE II and SAPS II scores as given in methods
bWilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test
cChi-squared contingency table test