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. 2018 Feb 13;9:87. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00087

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Copyright © 2018 Li, Qu, Zhang, Li and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Influence of NPF gene silencing on Acyrthosiphon pisum reproduction. (A) Reproduction rates in the NPF group and the two control groups. The aphids in the NPF treatment group showed a lower reproduction rate during most of the observation period. (B) Total reproduction in the NPF treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control groups. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple-range test. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.