Table 2.
Germination percentage, germination index, and vigor index of primed and non-primed seeds stored under different storage conditions and storage durations.
| Priming treatment | Storage condition | Storage duration (days) | Germination (%) | Germination index | Vigor index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP | LT-V | 0 | 90.6b | 40.15b | 110.12ab |
| 15 | 95.0a | 42.58a | 118.91a | ||
| 30 | 95.0a | 42.83a | 117.63a | ||
| 45 | 93.8ab | 44.03a | 113.95ab | ||
| 60 | 92.5ab | 42.23ab | 100.20b | ||
| Mean | 93.4A | 42.36A | 112.11AB | ||
| RT-V | 0 | 90.6a | 40.15a | 110.05a | |
| 15 | 94.4a | 42.31a | 111.53a | ||
| 30 | 93.8a | 41.92a | 124.55a | ||
| 45 | 91.9a | 41.08a | 119.78a | ||
| 60 | 90.0a | 41.53a | 117.60a | ||
| Mean | 92.1AB | 41.39AB | 116.70A | ||
| RT-A-LH | 0 | 90.6a | 40.15a | 110.03a | |
| 15 | 93.1a | 41.23a | 113.78a | ||
| 30 | 91.9a | 43.19a | 109.78a | ||
| 45 | 94.4a | 42.90a | 114.36a | ||
| 60 | 91.9a | 41.06a | 105.67a | ||
| Mean | 92.4AB | 41.72A | 110.73AB | ||
| RT-A-HH | 0 | 90.6a | 40.15a | 110.03a | |
| 15 | 91.9a | 40.58ab | 110.05ab | ||
| 30 | 91.9a | 40.15ab | 100.55ab | ||
| 45 | 91.9a | 39.83ab | 98.35ab | ||
| 60 | 90.6a | 39.48b | 93.97b | ||
| Mean | 91.8B | 40.50B | 103.45B | ||
| HP | LT-V | 0 | 97.5ab | 67.90a | 277.20a |
| 15 | 97.5ab | 66.90a | 250.77a | ||
| 30 | 96.3ab | 71.10a | 277.05a | ||
| 45 | 94.4b | 69.82a | 266.75a | ||
| 60 | 98.1a | 71.68a | 281.45a | ||
| Mean | 96.8A | 69.48A | 270.64A | ||
| RT-V | 0 | 97.5a | 67.93a | 277.20a | |
| 15 | 93.1ab | 61.97ab | 222.42bc | ||
| 30 | 96.9a | 67.80a | 251.15ab | ||
| 45 | 90.6b | 58.28b | 212.18c | ||
| 60 | 95.6a | 68.91a | 270.62a | ||
| Mean | 94.8B | 64.94B | 246.71A | ||
| RT-A-LH | 0 | 97.5a | 67.93a | 277.20a | |
| 15 | 93.1b | 59.75b | 236.38bc | ||
| 30 | 96.3a | 68.13a | 279.55a | ||
| 45 | 92.5b | 57.62b | 217.58c | ||
| 60 | 96.3a | 70.38a | 274ab | ||
| Mean | 95.1AB | 64.75B | 256.94A | ||
| RT-A-HH | 0 | 97.5a | 67.92a | 277.20a | |
| 15 | 45.0b | 14.98b | 24.90b | ||
| 30 | 30.0c | 11.78b | 10.61bc | ||
| 45 | 8.1d | 3.23c | 3.40bc | ||
| 60 | 11.3d | 4.31c | 0.63c | ||
| Mean | 38.5C | 20.44C | 63.34B | ||
| PEG | LT-V | 0 | 98.1a | 61.28a | 220.83a |
| 15 | 98.1a | 61.92a | 228.55a | ||
| 30 | 96.9ab | 63.75a | 239.37a | ||
| 45 | 93.8b | 60.15a | 212.93a | ||
| 60 | 95.6ab | 67.23a | 243.08a | ||
| Mean | 96.5A | 62.86A | 228.95A | ||
| RT-V | 0 | 98.1a | 61.28a | 220.83b | |
| 15 | 95.6ab | 62.98a | 242.72ab | ||
| 30 | 94.4b | 61.18a | 226.95ab | ||
| 45 | 91.3c | 55.55b | 191.53c | ||
| 60 | 93.8bc | 62.28a | 243.22a | ||
| Mean | 94.6A | 60.65B | 225.05A | ||
| RT-A-LH | 0 | 98.1a | 61.28ab | 220.83a | |
| 15 | 96.3a | 62.63a | 229.70a | ||
| 30 | 95.6a | 61.23ab | 228.13a | ||
| 45 | 96.3a | 56.73b | 221.75a | ||
| 60 | 95.6a | 62.35a | 220.07a | ||
| Mean | 96.4A | 60.84B | 224.09A | ||
| RT-A-HH | 0 | 98.1a | 61.28a | 220.83a | |
| 15 | 78.8b | 38.50b | 78.13b | ||
| 30 | 53.8c | 20.95c | 27.22c | ||
| 45 | 6.9d | 2.08d | 1.85d | ||
| 60 | 15.0d | 3.35d | 2.15d | ||
| Mean | 50.5B | 25.23C | 66.03B | ||
| Spd | LT-V | 0 | 97.5a | 67.78a | 266.38a |
| 15 | 95.0a | 68.33a | 248.13a | ||
| 30 | 96.9a | 67.03a | 246.40a | ||
| 45 | 95.6a | 63.33a | 232.97a | ||
| 60 | 97.5a | 68.75a | 259.50a | ||
| Mean | 96.5A | 67.04A | 250.68A | ||
| RT-V | 0 | 97.5a | 67.78a | 266.38a | |
| 15 | 95.0ab | 64.08a | 240.65a | ||
| 30 | 96.9ab | 64.75a | 238.22a | ||
| 45 | 92.5b | 55.35b | 185.50b | ||
| 60 | 95.0ab | 63.68a | 227.08ab | ||
| Mean | 95.4A | 63.13B | 231.56B | ||
| RT-A-LH | 0 | 97.5a | 67.78a | 266.38a | |
| 15 | 95.0a | 63.33ab | 232.82bc | ||
| 30 | 95.6a | 64.70a | 242.65ab | ||
| 45 | 95.0a | 58.08b | 207.10c | ||
| 60 | 96.3a | 67.98a | 260.43a | ||
| Mean | 95.8A | 64.37B | 241.87AB | ||
| RT-A-HH | 0 | 97.5a | 67.78a | 266.38a | |
| 15 | 53.8b | 16.65b | 24.75b | ||
| 30 | 23.1c | 6.58c | 6.60bc | ||
| 45 | 2.5d | 0.73d | 0.00c | ||
| 60 | 6.3d | 1.53d | 0.00c | ||
| Mean | 36.6B | 18.65C | 59.55C | ||
| P-values | Priming treatment | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | |
| Storage condition | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | ||
| Storage duration | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
Different lowercase letters denote statistical difference between storage durations of a storage condition at the 5% level according to LSD test. Different uppercase letters denote statistical difference between storage conditions at the 5% level according to LSD test. NP, non-primed control; HP, hydro-priming; PEG, osmopriming; Spd, spermidine priming; LT-V, the primed and non-primed seeds were stored under vacuum, low temperature condition; RT-V, the primed and non-primed seeds were stored under vacuum, room temperature condition; RT-A-LH, the primed and non-primed seeds were stored under room temperature, aerobic and low relative humidity condition; RT-A-HH, the primed and non-primed seeds were stored under room temperature, aerobic and high relative humidity condition.