Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for participant level variables
| YES–Related Activities (Time 2) | % yes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Photovoice | 19% | |||
| Work with a neighborhood advocate | 30.5% | |||
| Learn cultural traditions | 46.9% | |||
| Plan a summer project | 57.7% | |||
| Identify community assets | 41.4% | |||
| Empowerment subscales (Time 2) | Mean(SD) | Skewness | ||
| Intrapersonal component | ||||
| Leadership efficacy | 3.94(.63) | −0.58 | ||
| Civic efficacy | 4.26(.58) | −0.69 | ||
| Self esteem | 4.06(.68) | −0.91 | ||
| Interactional component | ||||
| Adult mentorship | 4.32(.84) | −1.74 | ||
| Adult resources | 3.78(1.15) | −0.80 | ||
| Resource mobilization | 4.19(.52) | −0.90 | ||
| Behavioral component | ||||
| Leadership behavior | 3.39(.88) | −0.43 | ||
| Community engagement | 3.50(.96) | −0.79 | ||
| School engagement | 4.05(.62) | −0.86 | ||
| Outcomes | Mean(SD) Time 1 | Mean(SD) Time 2 | Skewness | |
| Prosocial outcomes | ||||
| Prosocial behavior | 4.23(.66) | −0.94 | 4.27(.54) | −0.40 |
| Responsible decision making | 4.29(.68) | −0.95 | 4.29(.57) | −0.70 |
| Academic effort | 3.41(.53) | −1.12 | 3.53(.47) | −1.62 |
| Antisocial outcomes | ||||
| Aggressive behavior | 1.91(.95) | 1.14 | 1.62(.74) | 1.60 |
| Delinquent behavior | 1.78(.88) | 1.78 | 1.51(.69) | 1.90 |