Table 1.

eIF2 inhibitors utilized in this study and the mechanisms by which they increase eIF2α phosphorylation.

Inhibitor	Mechanism of action
Sodium arsenite	Induces phosphorylation of elF2α by activating heme-regulated inhibitor kinase, a member of the elF2α-specific kinase subfamily.
Thapsigargin	Triggers the release of calcium to the cytoplasm from the endoplasmic reticulum, activating PERK which in turn phosphorylates elF2.
Tunicamycin	Inhibits protein glycosylation and leads to endoplasmic stress.
Salubrinal	Inhibits the PP1/GADD34 complex which is known to dephosphorylate elF2α.