Table 4.
Analysis of Covariance Results: Adjusted Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Curriculum, Contact, Curriculum plus Contact and Control Groupsa
| Curriculum | Contact | Curriculum & Contact |
Control Group | F-Value | Df and Overall Sig of Group Diffb |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. Mean |
Conf. Limits |
Adj. Mean |
Conf. Limits |
Adj. Mean |
Conf. Limits |
Adj. Mean |
Conf. Limits |
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|
|
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| Knowledge and Attitudes Measure | ||||||||||
| Knowledge and Attitudes (1 to 5) | 3.6 | 3.55–3.65 | 3.54 | 3.49–3.59 | 3.66** | 3.60–3.72 | 3.53 | 3.48–3.58 | F=4.33 | 3,720* |
| Behavior and Behavioral Intentions Measures | ||||||||||
| Stigma Awareness and Action (0 to 1) | .16** | .14–.18 | .12 | .10–.14 | .19*** | .16–.22 | .12 | .09–.14 | F=6.42 | 3,716*** |
| Avoidance and Discomfort (0 to 1) | .06 | .05–.09 | .070 | .05–.09 | .07 | .04–.10 | .06 | .04–.08 | F=.19 | 3,709 |
| Social Distance (1 to 4) | 2.06 | 1.97–2.14 | 2.20 | 2.12–2.28 | 2.03 | 1.92–2.14 | 2.15 | 2.06–2.24 | F=2.98 | 3,716* |
| Subscale (less acceptable forms) | 2.21 | 2.12–2.31 | 2.35 | 2.26–2.44 | 2.18 | 2.06–2.30 | 2.26 | 2.16–2.36 | F=2.02 | 3,717 |
| Subscale (more acceptable forms) | 1.89* | 1.80–1.98 | 2.07 | 1.98–2.16 | 1.87* | 1.76–1.99 | 2.04 | 1.94–2.13 | F=4.28 | 3,716** |
| Personal Help-Seeking Measure | ||||||||||
| Would Seek Help: Self (0 to 1) | .68** | .64–.71 | .63 | .60–.67 | .71*** | .67–.70 | .60 | .56–.64 | F=4.76 | 3,707** |
| Beliefs About Vignette Characters and their Condition | ||||||||||
| Julia is a Bad Person (1 to 4) | 1.70* | 1.60–1.80 | 1.81 | 1.71–1.91 | 1.65* | 1.52–1.78 | 1.85 | 1.75–1.96 | F=2.53 | 3,703* |
| Julia Has a Mental Illness (1 to 4) | 3.15** | 3.05–3.25 | 3.16** | 3.07–3.26 | 3.29*** | 3.16–3.42 | 2.94 | 2.83–3.04 | F=6.43 | 3,683*** |
| Beliefs About Vignette Characters and their Condition | ||||||||||
| Julia Will Improve with Treatment (1 to 4) | 3.05* | 2.96–3.14 | 2.94 | 2.83–3.02 | 3.07* | 2.95–3.19 | 2.88 | 2.78–2.97 | F=3.37 | 3,684* |
| David is a Bad Person (1 to 4) | 1.73 | 1.64–1.83 | 1.83 | 1.74–1.93 | 1.68 | 1.56–1.81 | 1.75 | 1.64–1.85 | F=1.36 | 3,693 |
| David Has a Mental Illness (1 to 4) | 2.81** | 2.70–2.92 | 2.81** | 2.70–2.92 | 2.83** | 2.69–2.97 | 2.58 | 2.46–2.70 | F=3.88 | 3,679** |
| David Will Improve with Treatment (1 to 4) | 3.01*** | 2.91–3.12 | 2.73 | 2.63–2.84 | 2.99*** | 2.86–3.12 | 2.61 | 2.50–2.72 | F=11.97 | 3,685*** |
| Vignette Social Distance Measure | ||||||||||
| Social Distance from Julia & David (1 to 4) | 2.14 | 2.05–2.23 | 2.19 | 2.10–2.28 | 2.05 | 1.94–2.17 | 2.12 | 2.02–2.22 | F=1.24 | 3,686 |
| Vignette Help-Seeking Recommendations | ||||||||||
| Julia & David Should Seek Help (0 to 1) | .77*a | .74–.80 | .77*a | .74–.80 | .79** | .75–.83 | .71 | .67–.74 | F=3.98 | 3,707** |
NOTE: Intervention groups that are significantly different from the control group are indicated by asterisks next to adjust means (*p < .05, **p <.01, ***p < .001) The final column presents the overall of significance indicating whether the four groups are significantly different from each other.
a
All means are adjusted for the pre-test value of the outcome measure.
b
Degrees of freedom vary due to missing values on the outcome variable of interest.