Table 2.

Multiple regression analyses of 5-year patient mean HbA1c, HbA1c at initiation of first oral medication, second oral medication, and insulin

	5-year mean 2008–2012		1st oral drug		2nd oral drug		Insulin
	coefficient	p	coefficient	p	coefficient	p	coefficient	p
Provider
NP (ref=MD)	−0.028	0.46	−0.061	0.18	−0.140	0.08	−0.359	0.03
PA (ref=MD)	0.028	0.595	0.030	0.64	−0.016	0.89	0.049	0.84
Age (years)	−0.025	<0.001	−0.023	<0.001	−0.031	<0.001	−0.018	0.004
CCI	0.003	0.66	−0.009	0.26	−0.061	<0.001	−0.200	<0.001
BMI	0.005	0.046	−0.001	0.88	−0.001	0.91	−0.012	0.22
Male	0.278	<0.001	0.258	0.001	0.332	0.01	0.663	0.008
Race
Black (ref=white)	0.618	<0.001	0.485	<0.001	0.418	<0.001	1.153	<0.001
Other (ref=white)	0.115	0.03	0.176	0.006	0.146	0.22	0.184	0.50
Diabetes clinic
Yes (ref=never)	0.723	<0.001	0.736	<0.001	0.519	<0.001	0.357	0.04

Multiple regression analyses of each patient’s 5-year mean HbA1c, HbA1c at initiation of first oral medication, second oral medication and insulin for patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes in 2008 and managed by primary care NPs, PAs or physicians. Coefficients indicate the change in HbA1c level associated with gender, race, diabetes clinic referral, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index and BMI. CCI7 = Charlson Comorbidity Index score calculated from visit diagnoses in 2008 through 2012, DM clinic = referral to diabetes clinic.