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. 2018 Feb 14;9:150. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00150

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

The multiple shi/sty mutant shows premature and enhanced endothecial lignification, premature DNA fragmentation in anther cells and impaired stomium opening. Cross-sections of DAPI-marked stage 11 anthers of (A) wild type Ler and (B) the quintuple mutant. White arrowheads point to lignified thickenings. M, vacuolized non-viable microspores; T, aberrant tapetal cells. (C,D) Toluidine Blue stained cross-sections of stage 13 anthers of (C) wild type Ler and (D) quintuple mutant depicting stomium opening. (E–P) Fluorescence images of (E,F,I,J,M,N) wild type Ler and (G,H,K,L,O,P) quintuple mutant 8 μm cross sections showing DAPI (blue field) and TUNEL (green field) signals. (E–H) correspond to stage 9, (I–L) correspond to stage 10 and (M–P) correspond to stage 11. Numbers indicate anther stages and white arrows point to TUNEL emitting nuclei. T, Tapetal cell nucleus. Bars = 20 μm.