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. 2018 Jan 13;8(4):1159–1167. doi: 10.7150/thno.23373

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Acute effects of transient Hh activation on IR-induced oxidative stress and GDF15 expression. A-B: The levels of ROS and MDA in SMGs were analyzed with ROS/RNS Assay kit and Lipid Peroxidation Assay kit and calibrated with standard curves for H₂O₂ or MDA respectively. C: The SOD activities in SMGs showed as inhibition rate of xanthine oxidase activity. D-G: The expression of GDF15 in SMGs was analyzed with qRT-PCR (D), Western blot (E,F), and immunofluorescent staining (G). N = 3. *: P < 0.05 vs. IR. NS: not significant vs. IR.