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. 2018 Jan 24;42(2):338–351. doi: 10.1111/acer.13568

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Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Research Society on Alcoholism.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Effects of long‐term voluntary alcohol drinking on dopamine Drd2 gene methylation in the nucleus accumbens. Wistar rats were exposed to intermittent access to 20% ethanol (alcohol) or 2 bottles of water (age‐matched alcohol‐naïve control) for 5 months. Individual alcohol intake was determined as mean g/kg/24 h alcohol intake over the last 7 weeks. Individuals included in the CpG analysis are the same as the ones included in the expression analysis (n = 12 alcohol‐drinking, n = 7 alcohol‐naïve rats). Effects of alcohol drinking on methylation levels of a sequence within a CpG island in exon 1 of the Drd2 gene (see sequence above) in the NAc were quantified using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Alcohol‐drinking rats showed no changes in methylation levels of any CpG analyzed compared to alcohol‐naïve controls (unpaired Student's t‐test).