Table 2.
Risk factor model for brucellosis seropositivity in individual cattle in Adamawa and North Regions of Cameroon (n = 1031).
| Factor | Variable | Number# (positive) | Seropositivity using i-ELISA [95% CI] | Odds ratio [95% CI] |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region | North | 509 (31) | 6.1% [4.0–8.2] | 1 | - |
| Adamawa | 522 (60) | 11.5% [8.8–14.2] | 2.0 [1.2–3.1] | 0.003 | |
|
| |||||
| Locality | Vina | 117 (2) | 1.7% [0–4.0] | 1 | - |
| Mbere | 187 (12) | 6.4% [2.9–9.9] | 3.9 [0.9–17.9] | 0.076 | |
| Benoue | 134 (21) | 15.7% [9.5–21.8] | 10.7 [2.4–46.6] | 0.002 | |
| Faro-et-Deo | 218 (46) | 21.1% [15.7–26.5] | 15.4 [3.7–64.6] | <0.0001 | |
| Mayo-Louti | 117 (10) | 8.5% [3.4–13.5] | 5.4 [1.1–25.1] | 0.032 | |
| Mayo Rey | 258 (0) | 0% | |||
|
| |||||
| Herd size | ≤30 | 69 (2) | 2.9% [1.0–6.8] | 1 | - |
| 30–59 | 279 (38) | 13.6% [9.6–17.6] | 0.5 [0.3–0.8] | 0.003 | |
| ≥60 | 683 (51) | 7.5% [5.5–9.5] | 0.2 [0.0–0.8] | 0.024 | |
|
| |||||
| Livestock systems | Semi-intensive | 645 (55) | 8.5% [6.3–10.6] | 1 | - |
| Extensive | 386 (36) | 9.3% [6.4–12.2] | 1.1 [0.7–1.7] | 0.662 | |
|
| |||||
| Contact with wildlife | Yes | 476 (46) | 9.7% [7.0–12.3] | 1 | - |
| No | 555 (45) | 8.1% [5.8–10.4] | 0.8 [0.5–1.3] | 0.381 | |
|
| |||||
| Knowledge of brucellosis | Yes | 301 (15) | 5.0% [2.5–7.5] | 1 | - |
| No | 339 (40) | 11.8% [8.4–15.2] | 2.5 [1.4–4.7] | 0.003 | |
|
| |||||
| Occupational risk of brucellosis | Yes | 164 (10) | 6.1% [2.4–9.8] | 1 | - |
| No | 476 (48) | 10.1% [7.4–12.8] | 1.7 [0.8–3.5] | 0.129 | |
|
| |||||
| Breed | Mbororo (red) | 82 (5) | 0.5% [0–2.0] | 1 | - |
| Fulani (white) | 167 (20) | 1.9% [0–4.0] | 1.5 [0.7–3.3] | 0.295 | |
| Gudali | 715 (58) | 5.6% [3.9–7.3] | 1.5 [0.9–2.6] | 0.123 | |
| Crossbreed∗ | 67 (8) | 0.8% [0–2.9] | 0.6 [0.2–1.8] | 0.374 | |
|
| |||||
| Sex | Female | 852 (83) | 9.7% [7.7–11.7] | 1 | - |
| Male | 179 (8) | 4.5% [1.5–7.5] | 0.43 [0.20–0.91] | 0.028 | |
|
| |||||
| Age (years) | Young (≤4) | 116 (8) | 6.9% [2.3–11.5] | 1 | - |
| Adult (5–8) | 818 (65) | 7.9% [6.0–9.7] | 1.6 [0.9–2.8] | 0.087 | |
| Old (≥9) | 97 (18) | 18.6% [10.8–26.3] | 3.8 [1.9–7.6] | <0.0001 | |
|
| |||||
| Body Condition Score | Poor (<3) | 33 (1) | 3.0% [0.0–8.8] | 1 | - |
| Good (3-4) | 887 (82) | 9% [7.3–11.1] | 0.8 [0.3–1.6] | 0.481 | |
| Very Good (>4) | 111 (8) | 7.2% [2.4–12.0] | 0.3 [0–2.3] | 0.248 | |
|
| |||||
| Abortion | Yes | 310 (20) | 6.5% [3.7–9.2] | 1 | - |
| No | 330 (35) | 10.6% [7.3–13.9] | 1.7 [1.0–3.0] | 0.063 | |
|
| |||||
| Stillbirth | Yes | 244 (19) | 7.8% [4.4–11.2] | 1 | - |
| No | 394 (36) | 9.1% [6.3–11.9] | 1.2 [0.7–2.1] | 0.555 | |
|
| |||||
| Retained placenta | Yes | 162 (12) | 8.0% [3.8–12.2] | 1 | - |
| No | 478 (42) | 8.8% [6.3–11.3] | 1.1 [0.6–2.1] | 0.765 | |
#Observed reactions of individual animals (n = 1031) or of animals of farmers who responded to questionnaire (n depends on number of animals of the farmer) were used in the category. ∗Crossbreed between local breeds.