Table 1.
The table summarizes all reviewed series according to each variable included in review process. The following are reported specific acronyms: Pts: patients; CE-MRI: Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging; CEUS: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound; FUP: follow UpNA: not available; Hb: hemoglobin level; SSS: symptom severity scores. Questions regarding the severity of symptoms; scale of score was 5–40; QMAV: Quantitative Microwave Ablation Volume. The nonenhanced CEUS volume after 50 W × 300 sec or 60 W × 300 sec ablation; HRQL: Health Related Quality of Life; UFS-QOL: Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality Of Life.
| Study | Pts | Dimension fibroids treated | Technology | Number of antennas | Median treatment time | Posttreatment | Technical success |
Clinical success | Complications | FUP | Second treatment | Surgery yes/no |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ablation rate | CE-MRI/CEUS | Timing | ||||||||||||
| Zhang et al. 2011 [13] |
40 fibroids | Volume mean: 140,1 +/− 87,4 cm3 |
KV2000, 2450 MHz, 50 W 300–600 min, antenna 15 G |
1 antenna for <5 cm fibroids Double antennas for >5 cm fibroids |
490 sec | Shrinkage rate: | CE-MRI | 100% | NA | Lower abdominal pain (6 pz) Small amount vaginal bloody secretions (7 pz → 6 of these recovered for 1 week) |
12 m | 0 | NA | |
| 61,8% | 3 months | |||||||||||||
| 78,7% | 6 months | |||||||||||||
| 73,2% | 9 months | |||||||||||||
| 93,1% | 12 months | |||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Xia et al. 2014 [15] |
88 pts 91 leiomyomas (T2WI signal: 35 hypointense; 29 isointense; 27 hyperintense) |
Volume: 158,09 +/− 127,28 cm3 |
KV2000 tumor coagulator Power: 50 W or 60 W Frequency: 2450 MHz Electrode diameter: 15 G |
NA | 300 sec | QMAV: Hypointense: 46,58 +/− 25,63 cm3 Isointense: 44.46 +/− 16.72 cm3 Hyperintense: 23,58 +/− 11,85 cm3 |
CEUS | After 50 W × 300 sec or 60 W × 300 sec's ablation |
100% | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA |
| CE-MRI | Within 5 days after treatment | |||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Xia et al. 2014 [16] |
49 pts 49 leiomyomas (T2WI signal: 28 hypointense; 13 Isointense; 8 hyperintense) |
Average diameter: intramural/subserous myoma 5 cm; submucous myoma 3 cm |
KV2000 tumor coagulator: Power 50 W Frequency: 2450 MHz Electrode diameter: 15 G |
1 antenna for <5 cm fibroids Double antennas for >5 cm fibroids |
NA | NA | CEUS | At the end of treatment to evaluate ablation effects | 100% | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA |
| CE-MRI | Within 7 days after treatment | |||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Yang et al. 2014 [17] |
22 pts 22 submucosal myomas |
Diameter: 4,9 cm |
KY2000 MW, 2450 MHz, antenna 15 G | 100% single ablation | NA | Volume reduction rate: 81,46% 90% |
CE-MRI and CEUS | 3 months 12 months |
100% | Hb: from 88,64 g/l to 123,21 g/l at 3 months and to 125,92 at 12 months UFS-QOL: normal level at 1 year |
No major complications Lower abdominal pain (31,82%) Small amount of vaginal secretion (100%) Bloody vaginal secretion (9%) |
12 m | 0 | NA |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Zhao et al. 2015 [18] |
31 pts 40 fibroids |
Average diameter: 68,6 +/− 12,7 mm |
KV2100 Microwave tumor treatment device: Power 50–100 W Frequency: 2450 MHz Electrode diameter: 15 G |
1 electrode for <5 cm fibroids Double electrode for >5 cm fibroids |
Session 46,2 min; MWA NA | Ablation rate: 79,8 +/− 14,9% | CEUS | Immediately after procedure | 100% | Changes in SSS: 10.2 | Lower abdomen pain Vaginal discharge Low grade fever NO serious adverse events |
6 m | 0 | NA |
| Regression rate: 52,4% | CE-MRI | After 6 months | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Liu et al. 2016 [19] |
311 pts 405 leiomyomas |
Diameter: 5,1 +/− 1,28 cm Volume: 95,01 +/− 70,29 cm3 |
KV2000 MW + ECO-100C Microwave system |
1 or 2 microwave antennas | NA | Reduction rate: 63,5% 78,5% 86,7% |
CEUS | 3 months 6 months 12 months |
100% | Hb: from 88,84 +/− 9,31 g/l to 107,14 +/− 13,32 at 3 months and to 117,79 +/− 6,51 at 12 months SSS and HRQL significantly improve post treatment |
Lower abdominal pain (8,68%). Small amount of vaginal secretion (6,11%) |
12 m | 2 pts | NA |