Table 3.

Genotypic repeatability (R²) of FN, spouting scores, and SI across all environments.

Trait	Simple R2a	Covariate R2b	Line mean basis R2c
FN	0.197	0.500	0.667
PHS d3 d	0.109	0.145	0.459
PHS d4	0.163	0.240	0.612
PHS d5	0.151	0.214	0.577
PHS d6	0.229	0.276	0.656
PHS d7	0.218	0.230	0.599
SI	0.228	0.315	0.697

^aGenetic and environmental variances were calculated using a simple y ~ x model with x (genotypes) as a fixed effect and repeatability R ² = V_g / (V_g –V_e) was calculated.

^bGenetic and environmental variances were calculated using a simple y ~ x + covariates model with x (genotypes) and covariates (time, machine, operator, etc.) as a fixed effect.

^cRepeatability R ² = V_g/(V_g –(V_e /n)) was expressed by a line mean basis by dividing the environmental variance (V_e, residuals) with the number of technical reps (n; FN = 2 and spike-wetting test = 5).

^dSprouting score (PHS) on days (d) 3 through 7.