Table 1.

Behavioral tests in unoperated rats

Tests	Saline	Low dose	Effect	High dose	Effect
OFT
Line crossing (#)	52.33 ± 4.00	28.33 ± 7.18	↓	20.67 ± 2.04	↓↓
Rearing and Leaning (#)	19.33 ± 1.52	10.83 ± 3.57	↔	5.67 ± 1.65	↓↓
Grooming time (s)	15.83 ± 3.66	2.33 ± 1.31	↓↓	2.50 ± 2.50	↓↓
Defecation (#)	1.00 ± 1.00	1.83 ± 1.08	↔	2.00 ± 0.58	↔
Center time (%)	7.50 ± 1.62	5.72 ± 2.52	↔	5.83 ± 3.10	↔
EPM
Closed Arm Time (%)	61.3 ± 6.76	64.88 ± 5.42	↔	89.06 ± 4.54	↑
LDB
Light box time (%)	54.61 ± 3.48	43.44 ± 2.89	↔	38.94 ± 4.96	↓
Sucrose preference
Sucrose preference (%)	90.79 ± 2.78	92.29 ± 1.66	↔	38.06 ± 11.46	↓↓↓
Rotarod
Drop latency (s)	112.17 ± 31.73	143.83 ± 24.03	↔	65.33 ± 12.22	↔

OFT, Open‐Field Test; EPM, Elevated Plus Maze; LDB, Light‐Dark Box; Effect, effect vs saline; ↑, significant increase; ↓, significant decrease; ↔, no significant change. # = number. One arrow = P < .05; two arrows = P < .01; three arrows = P < .001.