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Airway obstruction induces similar sympathetic activation across lumbar, renal, and splanchnic nerves. A: Examples of ABP, mean ABP (gray line), rectified and integrated (ʃ) phrenic, lumbar, renal, and splanchnic nerve activity, in response to 20 sec of upper airway obstruction. B: Raw phrenic, lumbar, renal, and splanchnic nerve activities at rest (top) and 2 sec of end apnea (bottom).
