Table 2.
Sensitivity testing of organisms with standard deviation in zones of inhibition (agar diffusion test).
| NPs | Organisms/mean zone diameter (mm) ± SD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus aureus | Streptococcus pyogenes |
Escherichia coli |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Candida albicans |
Trichophyton rubrum |
|
| Ag 0.5 | 7 ± 0.2 | 9 ± 0.4 | 7 ± 0.1 | Nil | 9 ± 0.2 | Nil |
| Ag 1.0 | 8 ± 0.5 | 12 ± 0.8 | 9 ± 0.2 | Nil | 12 ± 0.3 | 7 ± 0.2 |
| Ag 2.0 | 10 ± 0.4 | 15 ± 0.5 | 13 ± 0.4 | 7 ± 0.2 | 13 ± 0.4 | 8 ± 0.1 |
| Ag 3.0 | 13 ± 1 | 14 ± 0.2 | 15 ± 0.3 | 8 ± 0.1 | 15 ± 0.2 | 9 ± 0.1 |
| Stat | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
| Ag-Ni 0.5 | 9 ± 0.2 | 11 ± 0.4 | 12 ± 0.5 | 8 ± 0.3 | 8 ± 0.1 | 9 ± 0.2 |
| Ag-Ni 1.0 | 12 ± 0.3 | 14 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.2 | 9 ± 0.2 | 10 ± 0.2 | 8 ± 0.1 |
| Ag-Ni 2.0 | 13 ± 0.1 | 15 ± 0.2 | 14 ± 0.4 | 8 ± 0.1 | 11 ± 0.2 | 12 ± 0.3 |
| Ag-Ni 3.0 | 15 ± 0.4 | 16 ± 0.6 | 17 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.1 | 12 ± 0.1 | 16 ± 0.2 |
| Control | 21 ± 0.8 | 18 ± 0.3 | 21 ± 0.2 | 20 ± 0.4 | 19 ± 0.6 | 18 ± 0.3 |
| Stat | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 | P > 0.05 |
Control: ciprofloxacin (bacteria) and fluconazole (fungi); mean zone inhibition (mm) ± standard deviation of triplicate measurements. Ag = silver nanoparticles of specified precursor concentration using C. indica leaf extract; Ag/Ni = silver-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles of specified precursor concentration using C. indica leaf extract.