Table 1.

Summary of oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs involved in medulloblastoma

	mirR	Chr	Alterations	Targets	Cellular Function	Subgroup	Reference
Oncogenic miRNA (overexpressed)	miR-30b, miR-30d	8q24.22- q24.23	Amplification			N/A	92
	miR-17–92	13q31.3	Amplification		N-Myc target. Interaction with SHH signaling	SHH	37 , 38 , 40
	miR-21	17q23.1	Upregulation	PDCD4	Metastasis	N/A	45
	miR-183~96~182	7q32	Upregulation	PI3K-Akt/ mTOR	Cell migration. Apoptosis	Non-SHH/ MYC-amplified	42 , 44
	miR-367	4q25	Upregulation	RYR3, ITGAV and RAB23	Proliferation. Invasion		46
	miR-106b	7q22.1	Upregulation	PTEN	Proliferation. Migration. Invasion	Nonspecific	47
Tumor supressor miRNA (downregulated)	miR-let-7	different locations		HMGB1	Chemoresistance		36 , 66 , 91
	miR-9	1q22	Hypermethylation	HES1, t-TrkC, REST	Anti-proliferation. Differentiation. Pro- apoptosis	All subgroups	36 , 56
	miR-31	9p21.3	Deletion	MCM2	Anti-proliferation. Reduces clonogenicity		36 , 74
	miR-34a	1p36.22		DLL1, MAGE-A, MYCN, SIRT1	Anti-proliferation. Pro-apoptosis. Reduces tumorigenicity in vivo. Senescence. Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents		54 , 77–79
	miR-124	8p23.1	Unknown	CDK6, REST, SCL16A1	Anti-proliferation. Differentiation. Pro- apoptosis. Reduces tumorigenicity in vivo		66 , 72 , 73
	mir-125a	19q13.41		t-TrkC	Anti-proliferation		36
	mir-125b	11q24.1		SMO		SHH	66
	miR-128a	2q21.3		BMI1	Anti-proliferation. Reduces clonogenicity. Senescence		36 , 62
	miR-135a	3p21.2		Arhgef6	Reduces tumorigenicity	SHH	36 , 66 , 94
	miR-148a	7p15.2	Hypermethylation	NRP1, ROCK1, DNMT1	Anti-proliferation. Reduces clonogenicity. Reduces invasion. Reduces tumorigenicity		36 , 93 , 96 , 99
	miR-199b-5p	9q34.11	Hypermethylation	HES1, CD15	Anti-proliferation. Reduces clonogenicity. Reduces in vivo tumorigenicity. Reduces cancer stem cells		34 , 35
	miR-206	6p12.2		OTX2	Anti-proliferation. Reduces clonogenicity	All subgroups	93 , 95 , 96
	miR-218	4p15.31		CDK6, SH3GL1, RICTOR	Anti-proliferation. Reduces clonogenicity. Reduces cell migration and Invasion. Promotes differentiation		67 , 97
	miR-219	6q21.3		OTX2, CD164	Anti-proliferation. Reduces invasion and migration		36 , 50 , 98
	miR-324-5p	17p13.1	17p loss	SMO, GLI1	Reduces clonogenicity	SHH	66
	miR-326	11q13.4		SMO	Reduces clonogenicity	SHH	66
	miR-383	8p22		PRDX3	Anti-proliferation. Pro-apoptosis		36 , 100
	miR-495	14q32.31		GFI1			69