Table 4.
Associationa between long-term exposure to air pollution and benign and total brain tumor incidence in 6a European cohorts
| Benign Brain Tumor | Total Brain Tumor | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Increase | N Cohorts | N | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
I
2 (%) (P-value) |
HR (95% CI) | P-value |
I
2 (%) (P-value) |
|
| PM2.5 | 5 µg/m3 | 5b | 96 215 | 1.12 (0.46–2.73) | 0.81 | 0.0 (0.39) | 1.13 (0.61–2.09) | 0.69 | 0.0 (0.51) |
| PM2.5 absorbance | 10−5/m | 5b | 96 215 | 1.01 (0.38–2.71) | 0.98 | 49.8 (0.11) | 1.58 (0.73–3.40) | 0.25 | 63.6 (0.04) |
| PM10 | 10 µg/m3 | 5b | 96 215 | 0.54 (0.14–2.13) | 0.38 | 60.3 (0.05) | 0.97 (0.36–2.57) | 0.95 | 68.3 (0.02) |
| PMcoarse | 5 µg/m3 | 5b | 96 215 | 0.51 (0.24–1.10) | 0.08 | 0.0 (0.68) | 0.87 (0.55–1.38) | 0.56 | 0.0 (0.68) |
| NO2 | 10 µg/m3 | 6c | 106 786 | 0.95 (0.72–1.267 | 0.73 | 50.9 (0.09) | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 0.74 | 67.0 (0.02) |
| NOx | 20 µg/m3 | 6c | 106 786 | 0.97 (0.75–1.25) | 0.80 | 49.3 (0.10) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | 0.91 | 59.6 (0.04) |
| Traffic intensity | 5000 vehicles/ day | 5b | 96 215 | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 0.17 | 0.0 (0.82) | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | 0.04 | 0.0 (0.46) |
P-value: for Model 3; aModel 3, adjusted for age, sex, year of enrollment, education, occupation in petrochemical industry, and area-level socioeconomic status; bHUBRO, DCH, EPIC-NL (which includes 2 cohorts: EPIC-MORGEN and EPIC-PROSPECT), and EPIC-Turin; cHUBRO, DCH, EPIC-NL (pooled data from 2 Dutch cohorts: EPIC-MORGEN and EPIC-PROSPECT), EPIC-Varese, and EPIC-Turin.