Table 1.
Description of the demographic, cognitive and neuroimaging measures and covariates of the samples included in the meta-analysis.
| Study |
Task |
Region |
Covariates |
Stage |
n |
Age (mean) |
Males (%) |
AP Med (%) |
n |
Age (mean) |
Males (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immediate recall | Schizophrenia or GHR | Healthy Controls | |||||||||
| Herold et al. (2015) | WMS-R LM I | L/R Hipp, Ant & Post | Edu | SCZ | 25 old | 55.92 | 76 | 88 | 21 | 53.67 | 57.1 |
| 23 young | 32.78 | 60.9 | 100 | ||||||||
| Guo et al. (2014) | HVLT total immediate | L/R Hipp | Age, sex, Edu, PANSS total | FEP | 51 | 22.5 | 64.7 | 0 | 41 | 22.8 | 58.5 |
| Francis et al. (2013) | WMS-R LM I | L/R Sub | None | GHR | 46 | 25 | 30.4 | 0 | 30 | 24 | 43.3 |
| Killgore et al. (2009) | WMS-R LM I | L/R Hipp | None | SCZ | 19 | 34.3 | 73.68 | 100* | 20 | 27.4 | 90 |
| Thoma et al. (2009) | WMS-R LM I | L/R Ant & Post | ICV | SCZ | 24 | 40.09 | 83.33 | 100 | 24 | 41.74 | 66.67 |
| Exner et al., (2008) | WMS-R LM I | L/R Hipp | None | SCZ | 21 | 31 | 66.67 | 100 | 21 | 29 | 61.9 |
| Seidman et al. (2002) | WMS-R LM I | L/R Hipp | Sex, group, sex*group, Hand, Eth, parental Edu, IQ | GHR | 28 simplex | 41.9 | 35.7 | 0 | 48 | 40.1 | 56.3 |
| 17 multiplex | 38.9 | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Delayed recall | Schizophrenia or GHR | Healthy Controls | |||||||||
| Herold et al. (2015) | WMS-R LM II | L/R Hipp, Ant & Post | Edu | SCZ | 25 old | 55.92 | 76 | 88 | 21 | 53.67 | 57.1 |
| 23 young | 32.78 | 60.9 | 100 | ||||||||
| Haukvik et al. (2015) | CVLT delayed free recall | Total Sub | None | SCZ | 177 | 31.6 | 61 | 84.7 | 261 | 36 | 52 |
| Lappin et al. (2014) | RAVLT trial 7 | L/R Hipp | None | FEP | 90 | 83 | |||||
| Francis et al. (2013) | HVLT total | L/R Sub | None | GHR | 46 | 25 | 30.4 | 0 | 30 | 24 | 43.3 |
| Karnik-Henry et al. (2012) | WMS-R LM I, LM II & CVLT composite | L Hipp | Sex | SCZ | 36 | 22.5 | 84.6 | 84.6 | 46 | 21.1 | 56.52 |
| GHR | 31 | 22.1 | 45.5 | 0 | 49 | 20.4 | 28 | ||||
| Killgore et al.(2009) | WMS-R LM II | L/R Hipp | None | SCZ | 19 | 34.3 | 73.68 | 100* | 20 | 27.4 | 90 |
| Thoma et al. (2009) | WMS-R LM II | L/R Ant & Post | ICV | SCZ | 24 | 40.09 | 83.33 | 100 | 24 | 41.74 | 66.67 |
| Exner et al., 2008 | WMS-R LM II | L/R and total Hipp | None | SCZ | 21 | 31 | 66.67 | 100 | 21 | 29 | 61.9 |
| Rametti et al. (2007) | RAVLT delayed | L Ant | None | SCZ | 28 | 27.7 | 75 | 100 | 33 | 28.09 | 63.64 |
| Kuroki et al. (2006) | WMS-R LM II | L/R Hipp | MD | SCZ | 24 | 40.3 | 100 | 100 | 31 | 40.6 | 100 |
| Toulopoulou et al. (2004) | WMS-R LM II | L Hipp | Age, gender, group | SCZ | 56 | 32.8 | 69.7 | 100 | 55 | 38.8 | 49.1 |
| GHR | 90 | 50.2 | 37.8 | 0 | |||||||
| Seidman et al. (2002) | WMS-R LM II | L/R Hipp | Sex, group, sex*group, Hand, Eth, parental Edu, IQ | GHR | 28 simplex | 41.9 | 35.7 | 0 | 48 | 40.1 | 56.3 |
| 17 multiplex | 38.9 | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Sanfilipo et al. (2002) | WAIS, WMS-R LM I, LM II, Buschke | L/R Hipp | ICV, age | SCZ | 62 | 38.8 | 100 | 100 | 27 | 35.7 | 100 |
| O’driscoll et al. (2001) | WMS-R LM II | L/R and total Am/Hipp | None | GHR | 20 | 36.2 | 45 | 0 | 14 | 35.4 | 36 |
| Gur et al. (2000) | WMS-R LM I, LM II & CVLT (1–5) | Total Hipp | None | SCZ | 100 | 29.2 | 58 | 61 | 110 | 26.1 | 51 |
| Sachdev et al. (2000) | LM1 &2, VR, WAIS, COWAT, WCST | L/R Hipp | None | SCZ | 20 | 64.4 | 60 | 100 | 24 | 72.67 | 79 |
WMS-R: Wechsler memory scale-revised, LM I: logical memory 1 (i.e. immediate recall), LM II: logical memory 2 (i.e. delayed recall), SCZ: schizophrenia; AP Med: antipsychotic medication, GHR: genetic high risk; RAVLT: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, HVLT: Hopkins verbal learning task, ICV: intracranial volume, L/R: left/right, Sub: subiculum, Hipp: hippocampus, Am: amygdala, Ant: anterior, Post: posterior, Edu: education, Eth: ethnicity, MD: medication dosage, Hand: handedness, * denotes that all patients were medicated but the study does not specify the type of medication.