Table 1.
General Characteristics of the Studies Included in the Present Review.
| Authors (region of study) | Study design | Population | Age in years (range) | Study methodology | Data adjusted for | Confounding variables assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eltas et al. (2013; Turkey) | Randomized control trial | 120: ED + NSPT = 60, ED = 60 | ED + NSPT: 38.1 ± 6.1; ED: 36.6 ± 6.9 (30 to 40) | ED: IIEF-5 Questionnaire/self-reported; CP: Oral examination AAP criteria (PI, BOP, PD, CAL) | Age; BMI; Education; ED severity income level; Marital status; Smoking | CVD; DM; HBP; Periodontal therapy; Smoking; Systemic antibiotics |
| Keller et al. (2012; Taiwan) | Cross-sectional | 197,136: Cases = 32,856, Control = 164,280 | 49.3 ± 12.5; Cases: 49.4; Controls: 49.2 | ED: IIEF-5 Questionnaire/self-reported; CP: Oral examination and radiographs; ICD-9 criteria | Age; Income level; Residence area | Alcohol abuse; CHD; DM; HBP; Hyperlipidemia; Obesity |
| J. H. Lee et al. (2015; Korea) | Cross-sectional | 513,258: Cases = 2,732, Control = 510,526 | NA | ED: IIEF-5/KCD-6 criteria; CP: Oral examination AAP and ICD-10 criteria | Age; Income level; Insurance status; Residence area | Angina pectoris; Cerebral infarction; DM; HBP; Myocardial infarction; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Matsumoto et al. (2014; Japan) | Cross-sectional | 88: Cases = 88, Control = NA | 50.9 ± 16.6 (20 to 85) | ED: IIEF-5 Questionnaire/self-reported; CP: Oral examination/CP self-check sheet | Age | None |
| Oguz et al. (2013; Turkey) | Randomized control trial | 162: Cases = 80, Control = 82 | Cases: 34.9 ± 4.9; Control: 35.7 ± 4.8 (30 to 40) | ED: IIEF-5 Questionnaire/self-reported; CP: Oral examination (BOP, PI, CAL, PD) | Age; BMI; CP severity; Education; Income level; Marital status | CVD; DM; HBP; Periodontal therapy smoking; Systemic antibiotics |
| Sharma et al. (2011; India) | Cross-sectional | 70: Cases = 70, Control = 0 | 35.3 ± 3.64 (25 to 40) | ED: SHIM Questionnaire/penile Doppler ultrasound; CP: Oral examination (PD, CAL) and radiographs | ED severity | Aggressive periodontitis; Alcohol; ED medication periodontal therapy; Systemic diseases; Tobacco |
| Tsao et al. (2015; Taiwan) | Cross-sectional | 15,315: Cases = 5,105, Control = 10,210 | 48.3 ± 12.5 | ED: ICD-9 criteria; CP: Oral examination and radiographs; ICD-9 criteria | Age; Comorbid factors | CVD; DM; HBP; Hyperlipidemia; IHD; Obesity |
| Uppal et al. (2014; India) | Cross-sectional | 53: Control = NA, Mild ED = 23, Moderate ED = 17, Severe ED = 13 | NA (25 to 40) | ED: NA; CP: Oral examination (PD) and bitewings radiographs | ED severity | Aggressive periodontitis; Alcohol; Periodontal therapy; Systemic diseases; Tobacco |
| Zadik et al. (2009; Israel) | Cross-sectional | 305: Control = 235, Mild ED = 51, Moderate ED = 18; Severe ED = 1 | 39.5 ± 6.7 | ED: SHIM questionnaire/self-reported; CP: Bitewings radiographs | Education; ED severity; Smoking | None |
Note. ED = erectile dysfunction; CP = chronic periodontitis; HBP = high blood pressure; DM = diabetes mellitus; CHD = coronary heart disease; IIEF-5 = International Index of Erectile Dysfunction; AAP = American Academy of Periodontology; ICD = International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; CVD = cerebrovascular diseases; IHD = ischemic heart disease; KCD = Korean classification of disease; PI = plaque index; BOP = bleeding on probing; CAL = clinical attachment loss; PD = probing depth; NSPT = nonsurgical periodontal therapy; SHIM = sexual health inventory for men; BMI = body mass index.