Table I. Care Staff Training / Qualifications.
| Registered Nurses | Practical Nurses | Care Aides | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | Registered Nurses require a Bachelor of Nursing (BN or BScN) is needed to enter the profession. Self-regulated health care professionals. 1 The scope of practice is determined by individual competence; requirements and policies of the employer; needs of the client; and the practice setting. 2 The College of Nurses of Ontario is the governing body. | Registered Practical Nurses requires an approved Ontario college diploma in practical nursing is required to enter the profession. The College of Nurses of Ontario is the governing body. | Personal Support Worker can study at 3 separate program standards used (public colleges in Ontario; private colleges in Ontario; and district school boards in Ontario. MIN: 324 hrs classroom + 290 clinical/practicum. 3, 4 Average program length = 725 hrs. Workers are not self-regulated but are registered with the PSW Registry Ontario. 5 |
| Manitoba | Registered Nurses require a Bachelor of Nursing (BN or BScN) is needed to enter the profession. Self-regulated health care professionals.6 The scope of practice is determined by individual competence; requirements and policies of the employer; needs of the client; and the practice setting. 7 | Licensed Practical Nurses require a college diploma governed by the College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Manitoba8 | Health Care Aides do not have any province wide curriculum but public colleges use similar learning outcomes. The average program length = 700 hrs. Workers are not self-regulated or registered. |
| British Columbia | Registered Nurses require a Bachelor of Nursing (BN or BScN) is needed to enter the profession. Self-regulated health care professionals.9 The scope of practice is determined by individual competence; requirements and policies of the employer; needs of the client; and the practice setting.10 | Licensed Practical Nurses are governed by the College of Licensed Practical Nurses of BC. Self-regulated health care professionals.11 The programs are stipulated through the Practical Nursing Program Provincial Curriculum (July 2011) The Health Professions Act Nurses (Licensed Practical) Regulation.12 | Health Care Assistants can study at all public colleges and most private institutions follow the B.C. Ministry of Advanced Education and Labour Market Development curricula (2014) of MIN: 475 hrs classroom; 270 hrs clinical /practicum. The average program length = 775 hrs. Workers are not self-regulated but are registered with the BC Care Aide & Community Health Worker Registry.13 |
| North Rhine/Westphalia | Qualified Care Workers (Schwesternhelfer/in -- Elder Carer / Geriatric Care Nurses) have 3 yrs. nursing school + job training + work experience (about 2100 hours of theoretical training and 2500 hours of practical training, dependant on the state regulations)14 | Assistant Care Workers (Elder Care Assistants/Nurse Assistants) / 1 yr. nursing school + work experience with between 700 and 750 hours of theoretical training and 850 to 900 hours of practical training.) | Care Aides (Altenpflegehelfer/-helferinn) work under the supervision of qualified care workers Dementia Carer (Betreuunskräfte § 87b SGB XI) involves a five day orientation internship + 3 modules of at least 160 hrs. + 2 week internships.15 |
| Oslo & Bergen | Registered Nurses have 3 yrs. of education from university colleges. | Auxiliary Nurses with 3 years of upper secondary school-based education.16 | Skilled Care Workers are under the Health and Social Care Training Programme, which involves completing lower secondary education for 2-3 yrs. and it involves at least 50 per cent theory.17 |
Ontario, Ontario Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991 S.O. 1991, CHAPTER 18, accessed 23 March 2015, http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_91r18_e.htm
Canadian Nurses Association (Hereafter CNA), Framework for the Practice of Registered Nurses in Canada (Ottawa: Canadian Nurses Association, August 2007), 13. Accessed 9 March, 2015, https://www.cna-aiic.ca/~/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/framework-for-the-pracice-of-registered-nurses-in-canada.pdf?la=en
OECD, “Help Wanted?” 182.
The Association of Canadian Community Colleges (Hereafter ACCC) / Canadian Association of Continuing Care Educators (Hereafter CACCE), Canadian Educational Standards for Personal Care Providers (ACCC / CACCE, June 2012), 12-13, accessed 9 March 2015, http://www.collegesinstitutes.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Reference-Guide_Canadian-Educational-Standards-for-Personal-Care-Providers_ACCC.pdf
PSW Registry Ontario, Ontario PSW Registry, accessed on 26 February 2015, http://www.pswregistry.org/Pages/en/Default.aspx
Manitoba, S.M. 2009, c. 15 Bill 18, 3rd Session, 39th Legislature The Regulated Health Professions Act (Assented to June 11, 2009), accessed 23 March 2015, http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2009/c01509e.php
CNA, Framework for the Practice of Registered Nurses in Canada, 13.
Manitoba, C.C.S.M. c. L125 The Licensed Practical Nurses Act (Assented to July 14, 1999), accessed on 23 March 2015, http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/l125e.php
British Columbia, Health Professions Act [RSBC 1996] CHAPTER 183, accessed 3 March 2015, http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96183_01
CNA, Framework for the Practice of Registered Nurses in Canada, 13.
British Columbia, Health Professions Act, CHAPTER 183
British Columbia, B.C. Reg 283/2008 M243/2008 Oct 17, 2008Health Professions Act Nurses (Licensed Practical), accessed 3 March 2015, http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/283_2008
British Columbia, BC Care Aide & Community Health Worker Registry, accessed on 26 February 2015, http://www.cachwr.bc.ca/Home.aspx
Charlene Harrington, Jacqueline Choiniere, Monika Goldmann, Frode Fadnes Jacobsen, Liz Lloyd, Margaret McGregor, Vivian Stamatopoulos & Marta Szebehely, Nursing Home Staffing Standards and Staffing Levels in Six Countries, Nursing Scholarship, 2012; 44:1 p. 94.
OECD, “Help Wanted? Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care”, p. 165 retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/help-wanted.htm accessed on February 2015.
Charlene Harrington et al, “Nursing Home Staffing Standards and Staffing Levels in Six Countries,” 93.
OECD, “Help Wanted?” 165.