Table 2.
Level of Evidence and Downs and Black Criteria Study Quality Assessment
| First Author | LOE | Downs and Black Question | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | |||
| Anzalone 91 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 9 |
| Baker 92 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 13 |
| Black 64 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 10 |
| Broglio 93 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 9 |
| Brooks 51 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 9 |
| Brown 90 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 10 |
| Buckley 47 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 13 |
| Clausen 41 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 11 |
| Collins 48 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 13 |
| Corwin 89 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 9 |
| Crowe 42 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 12 |
| Darling 35 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 11 |
| Elbin 53 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 14 |
| Field 94 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 14 |
| Gill 54 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 12 |
| Henry 37 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 11 |
| Hutchison 55 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 11 |
| Iverson 95 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 13 |
| Kontos 49 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 13 |
| Kriz 57 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 14 |
| Lau 32 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 11 |
| Lax 96 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 13 |
| Lovell 97 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 12 |
| Lovell 59 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 11 |
| Lynall 60 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 10 |
| Maerlender 40 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 25 |
| Makdissi 61 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 12 |
| Maugans 81 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 14 |
| Mautner 44 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 13 |
| McClincy 62 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 10 |
| McDevit 98 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 11 |
| Mcgrath 45 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 11 |
| Meehan 50 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 13 |
| Miller 99 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 10 |
| Morgan 100 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 12 |
| Murugavel 56 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 12 |
| Nelson 65 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 14 |
| Newsome 66 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 9 |
| Ono 101 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 9 |
| Ransom 63 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 11 |
| Slobounov 84 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 14 |
| Slobounov 82 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 14 |
| Terwilliger 67 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | - | - | 10 |