Table 2.
Left ventricular and right ventricular systolic function, assessed by echocardiography, of patients with multiple sclerosis and control subjects. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
| Echo Parameters | Multiple Sclerosis | Control Subjects | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| LVEDD (mm) | 46 ± 6 | 45 ± 4 | NS |
| LVESD (mm) | 27 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | NS |
| LVEDV (ml) | 91 ± 22 | 96 ± 22 | NS |
| LVESV (ml) | 41 ± 10 | 34 ± 11 | 0.005 |
| 2D LVEF (%) | 55 ± 5 | 65 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 81 ± 30 | 67 ± 15 | 0.021 |
| MAPSE (mm) | 14 ± 2 | 17 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| S’ (cm/s) | 6.0 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| S’ online (cm/s) | 9.2 ± 2.3 | 10.3 ± 2.3 | 0.029 |
| LS (%) | −19.8 ± 2.2 | −22.6 ± 1.7 | 0.000 |
| LSR (1/s) | −1.1 ± 0.5 | −1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.26 |
| RS (%) | 46 ± 14 | 50 ± 13 | NS |
| RSR (1/s) | 2.7 ± 1 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | NS |
| CS (%) | −22 ± 5 | −20 ± 9 | NS |
| CSR (1/s) | −5.3 ± 26 | −1.6 ± 0.9 | NS |
| 3D LVEDV (ml) | 83 ± 24 | 78 ± 23 | NS |
| 3D LVESV (ml) | 39 ± 13 | 28 ± 9 | 0.006 |
| 3D LVEF (%) | 53 ± 6 | 63 ± 3 | <0.001 |
| CO (ml/min/m2) | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | NS |
| 3D LS (%) | −15.0 ± 3.0 | −20.0 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
| RVEDD (mm) | 30 ± 3 | 30 ± 3 | NS |
| FAC (%) | 42 ± 7 | 53 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 22 ± 2 | 26 ± 2 | <0.001 |
| RV S’ (cm/s) | 12.9 ± 2.0 | 14.7 ± 2.0 | 0.001 |
| RVMPI | 0.56 ± 0.10 | 0.40 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| RVS (%) | −22.5 ± 3.3 | −26 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| RVSR (1/s) | −1.4 ± 0.3 | −1.3 ± 0.8 | NS |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 26 ± 9 | 14 ± 6 | <0.001 |
LV = left ventricle; LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDV = left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV = left ventricular end-systolic volume; 2D LVEF = 2-dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction; MAPSE = mitral annular plane systolic excursion; S’ = 6-site averaged longitudinal myocardial offline systolic velocity; S’ online = online longitudinal myocardial systolic velocity, calculated as mean of the systolic velocities of the lateral and medial mitral annulus; LS = longitudinal strain; LSR = longitudinal strain rate; RS = radial strain; RSR = radial strain rate; CS = circumferential strain; CSR = circumferential strain rate; 3D LVEDV = 3-dimensional left ventricular end-diastolic volume; 3D LVESV = 3-dimensional left ventricular end-systolic volume; 3D LVEF = 3-dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction; CO = cardiac output; 3D LS = 3-dimensional longitudinal strain; RVEDD = right ventricular end-diastolic diameter; FAC = fractional area change; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RV S’ = peak tricuspid annular systolic velocity measured online; RVMPI = right ventricular myocardial performance index; RVS = right ventricular strain; RVSR = right ventricular strain rate; sPAP = systolic pulmonary artery pressure.