Table 2.
Relevant articles published in the last 3 years assessing cardiac involvement in CKD utilizing CMR
| Author | Year | Population | Renal patients | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidental findings | ||||
| Rutherford et al., [14] | 2017 | ESRD | 161 | 15% clinical significant incidental findings in this population. |
| Myocardial structure and function | ||||
| Arnold et al., [15] | 2016 | ESRD (pediatric) | 25 | Compared to controls, pediatric ESRD patients had higher LV mass, reduced cardiac output. |
| Buchanan et al., [16••] | 2016 | ESRD | 12 | Intra-dialytic CMR revealed transient segmental LV systolic dysfunction. |
| Dundon et al., [17] | 2014 | Post-renal transplant | 18 | AV fistula ligation post-transplant was associated with a regression in LV mass, improvement in RV function. |
| Friesen et al., [18] | 2015 | ESRD | 11 | Nocturnal hemodialysis was associated with regression in LV and RV mass. |
| Odudu et al., [19] | 2015 | ESRD | 73 | Patients undergoing cooler HD experienced a regression in LV mass and had improved aortic distensibility. |
| Odudu et al., [20] | 2016 | ESRD | 54 | ESRD patients had reduced magnitudes of peak systolic strain as assessed using tagged CMR, reduced aortic distensibility, and higher LV mass, when compared to controls. |
| Patel et al., [21] | 2014 | Renal transplant | 119 | Left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial dilatation pre-transplant were independent predictors of mortality |
| Ross et al., [22] | 2016 | ESRD | 67 | LV remodeling at 1 year might be related to volume and pressure overload related to hemodialysis. |
| Sarak et al., [23] | 2017 | ESRD | 57 | Change in mean arterial pressure correlated with change in indexed LV mass over a 1 year period of either conventional or nocturnal hemodialysis. |
| Wald et al., [24] | 2014 | ESRD | 56 | Ventricular dilatation appears to be an independent determinant of LV mass |
| Wald et al., [25] | 2016 | ESRD | 67 | Patients switched to nocturnal HD experienced a regression in LV mass when compared with patients on conventional HD. |
| Ischemia assessment | ||||
| Parnham et al., [26] | 2015 | Renal transplants | 20 | Myocardial perfusion reserve index was reduced in renal transplant recipients when compared with hypertensive controls using adenosine-stress CMR. |
| Parnham et al., [27] | 2016 | ESRD, Renal transplant | 23, 10 | CKD patients have a reduced myocardial oxygen response to adenosine stress, potentially due to renal function |
| Ripley et al., [28] | 2014 | ESRD | 41 | Dobutamine stress CMR is well tolerated and safe in patients with ESRD with no serious adverse effects. |
| Advanced CMR assessment | ||||
| Edwards et al., [29•] | 2015 | CKD | 43 | Patients with early CKD had higher T1 and ECV values, and lower global longitudinal strain when compared with hypertensive patients and healthy controls. |
| Gimpel et al., [30] | 2017 | ESRD | 20 | Phase-contrast CMR identified diastolic dysfunction |
| Graham-Brown et al., [31•] | 2016 | ESRD | 35 | ESRD on long-term dialysis had higher T1 relaxation times and reduced peak longitudinal and circumferential strain when compared with healthy volunteers. |
| Graham-Brown et al., [32] | 2017 | ESRD | 20 | T1 is unaffected by patient fluid status; T1 analysis is a reproducible technique, accounting for intra- and inter- observer variability, and inter-center variability. |
| Holman et al., [33] | 2017 | ESRD | 10 | T2* CMR identified hepatic but not cardiac iron loading in 80% of patients taking iron supplementation. |
| Rutherford et al., [34•] | 2016 | ESRD | 33 | ESRD patients had higher T1 relaxation times and reduced peak longitudinal strain when compared with healthy volunteers. |
| Tolouian et al., [35] | 2016 | ESRD | 17 | T2* CMR identified hepatic but not cardiac iron loading in 50% of patients taking iron supplementation. |
LV left ventricle, ESRD end stage renal disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance