Table 1.
Description of the participants overall and by test selected
| Characteristics | Total, n (%) | Refused HIV testing, n (%) | Chose provider-administered blood test, n (%) | Chose self-administered oral test, n (%) | X2 statistic, unless otherwise specified | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 149 (100) | 30 (20.13) | 35 (23.49) | 84 (56.38) | NA | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age in years | 0.086* | 0.958* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 37.07 (7.79) | 36.63 (7.49) | 36.63 (7.44) | 37.40 (8.10) | ||
| Median (range) | 37.00 (24-62) | 35.00 (26-56) | 37.00 (25-57) | 36.50 (24-62) | ||
| High school graduate | 0.149 | 0.928 | ||||
| No | 92 (61.74) | 18 (19.57) | 21 (22.82) | 53 (57.61) | ||
| Yes | 57 (38.26) | 12 (21.05) | 14 (24.56) | 31 (54.39) | ||
| Mean income from truck driving job per month (Kenyan Shillings) | 2.565 | 0.277 | ||||
| 8000–23,999 KES | 34 (24.46) | 4 (11.77) | 9 (26.47) | 21 (61.76) | ||
| 24,000–55,000 KES | 105 (75.54) | 26 (24.76) | 24 (22.86) | 55 (52.38) | ||
| Married (legal or common-law) | NA | 0.526** | ||||
| No | 25 (17.01) | 5 (20.00) | 8 (32.00) | 12 (48.00) | ||
| Yes | 122 (82.99) | 24 (19.67) | 27 (22.13) | 71 (58.20) | ||
| Risk behavior | ||||||
| Has other regular partner(s) on the trucking route | 3.028 | 0.220 | ||||
| No | 76 (51.70) | 19 (25.00) | 19(25.00) | 38 (50.00) | ||
| Yes | 71 (48.30) | 11 (15.49) | 15 (21.13) | 45 (63.38) | ||
| Paid for sex in past 6 months | 3.851 | 0.146 | ||||
| No | 66 (47.14) | 17 (25.76) | 16 (24.24) | 33 (50.00) | ||
| Yes | 74 (52.86) | 10 (13.52) | 17 (22.97) | 47 (63.51) | ||
| Always used condoms when had sex in the past 6 months | NA | 0.292** | ||||
| No | 122 (84.72) | 26 (21.31) | 25 (20.49) | 71 (58.20) | ||
| Yes | 22 (15.26) | 4 (18.18) | 8 (36.38) | 10 (45.46) | ||
| Drank alcohol in past year | 6.296 | 0.043 | ||||
| No | 72 (48.32) | 18 (25.00) | 21 (29.17) | 33 (45.83) | ||
| Yes | 77 (51.68) | 12 (15.59) | 14 (18.18) | 51 (66.23) | ||
| Ever tested for HIV before | NA | 0.278** | ||||
| No | 15 (10.07) | 5 (33.33) | 4 (26.67) | 6 (40.00) | ||
| Yes | 134 (89.93) | 25 (18.66) | 31 (23.13) | 78 (58.21) | ||
| Number of years since last HIV test among those ever tested (those never tested assigned age) | 2.161* | 0.339* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.74 (11.38) | 6.07 (12.45) | 5.41 (10.87) | 3.98 (11.25) | ||
| Median (range) | 0.67 (0.1–59.0) | 0.42 (0.08–42.92) | 0.46 (0.08–39.00) | 0.75 (0.08–59.00) | ||
| Attitudinal scales | ||||||
| Anticipated HIV stigma, higher score-more stigma (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.80) | 4.308* | 0.116* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.80 (1.53) | 0.97 (1.52) | 1.03 (1.62) | 0.64 (1.51) | ||
| Median (range) | 0.00 (0.0–9.00) | 0.00 (0.00–6.00) | 0.00 (0.00–6.00) | 0.00 (0.00–9.00) | ||
| Fatalism, higher score = more fatalistic (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94) | 5.745* | 0.052* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 46.62 (21.58) | 44.17 (17.16) | 54.57 (22.38) | 44.18 (22.08) | ||
| Median (range) | 46.00 (20.00–97.00) | 42.50 (20.00–93.00) | 54.00 (20.00–97.00) | 44.00 (20.00–92.00) | ||
| General self-efficacy, higher score higher efficacy (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90) | 1.571* | 0.456* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 36.64 (4.40) | 36.90 (3.22) | 37.57 (3.84) | 36.16 (4.92) | ||
| Median (range) | 39.00 (25.00–40.00) | 37.00 (29.00–40.00) | 39.00 (26.00–40.00) | 39.00 (25.00–40.00) | ||
| Gender-equity, higher score-more gender-equity attitudes (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88) | 4.841* | 0.089* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 58.36 (9.46) | 60.60 (10.63) | 56.20 (9.02) | 58.46 (9.00) | ||
| Median (range) | 59.00 (34.00–72.00) | 63.00 (34.00–72.00) | 57.00 (35.00–72.00) | 58.50 (38.00–72.00) | ||
| Sensation-seeking, higher score = more sensation-seeking (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.73) | 4.497* | 0.106* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.38 (0.60) | 1.18 (0.33) | 1.32 (0.52) | 1.48 (0.69) | ||
| Median (range) | 1.00 (1.00–3.00) | 1.00 (1.00–2.00) | 1.00 (1.00–2.50) | 1.00 (1.00–3.00) | ||
* Kruskal–Wallis Test
** Fishers exact test conducted in SAS 9.3 (Cary, NC)