Table 2.

Abnormal MRI Dictations and Corresponding Biomarker Levels

Study ID Number	Radiology Dictation	UCH-L1 Level (ng/mL)	GFAP Level (ng/mL)
mTBI
1	There are small foci of increased signal intensity identified within the anterior temporal lobes bilaterally. There is no evidence of hemorrhage. They are non-specific. Although potentially related to trauma, the distribution is unusual for this etiology and there is no associated hemorrhage. No other abnormalities identified.	0.89036	0.02126
2	There are scattered areas of increased FLAIR signal in the bilateral centrum semiovale regions. The DTI and SWI are normal. Etiology is indeterminate, although could be traumatic, demyelinating, or ischemic. No evidence of hemorrhage.	0.26738	0.08194
8	Small focus of increased signal in the subcortical WM of the left inferior occipital lobe. Significance uncertain, unlikely traumatic. Clinical significance is likely minimal. No mass effect.	0.02885*	0.03978
44	Nonspecific punctate bright foci base of R frontal lobe on Flair	0.00000*	0.04607
OI
5	No clinically significant findings requiring further evaluation. Several small foci of increased signal in the right > left parietal periventricular WM. Non-specific.	0.20914	0.00165*
13	Single non-specific region of increased FLAIR signal in right frontal WM	0.23921	0.00737*
14	1.2 × 1.1 cm. simple pineal cyst. Likely incidental. Multiple small foci of increased FLAIR signal in the right frontal subcortical WM. No SWI abnormality. No DTI abnormality. Questionable etiology. Could be traumatic.	0.00000*	0.01042
16	No clinically significant findings requiring further evaluation. Several small foci of increased signal in the right > left parietal periventricular WM. Non-specific. No follow-up needed unless related clinical symptoms.	0.19228	0.00591*

Legend:GFAP: glial fibrillary acid protein, ID: identification; OI: orthopedic injury, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, mTBI: mild traumatic brain injury, UCH-L1: ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1

^*The biomarker concentration in this sample is below the Limit of Detection of this assay (0.008 ng/ml for GFAP and 0.045 ng/ml for UCH-L1).