Table 4. Number of Patients With Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications.
| Complicationa | No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery (n = 230) |
Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery (n = 236) |
|
| Intraoperative | ||
| Overall | 34 (14.8) | 36 (15.3) |
| Damage to organ or structure | 5 (2.2) | 11 (4.7) |
| Significant hemorrhage | 11 (4.8) | 4 (1.7) |
| Equipment failure | 6 (2.6) | 8 (3.4) |
| Fecal contamination | 6 (2.6) | 7 (3.0) |
| Anastomotic complication | 6 (2.6) | 7 (3.0) |
| Iatrogenic tumor perforation | 3 (1.3) | 2 (0.8) |
| Inadequate tumor localization or clearance | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.8) |
| Respiratory event | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) |
| Cardiac event | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| Within 30 d postoperatively | ||
| Overall | 73 (31.7) | 78 (33.1) |
| Gastrointestinal complication | 40 (17.4) | 35 (14.8) |
| Surgical site infection | 19 (8.3) | 21 (8.9) |
| Urinary complication | 14 (6.1) | 17 (7.2) |
| Respiratory complication | 6 (2.6) | 4 (1.7) |
| Cardiac complication | 6 (2.6) | 3 (1.3) |
| Other | 12 (5.2) | 17 (7.2) |
| >30 d and ≤6 mo postoperatively | ||
| Overall | 38 (16.5) | 34 (14.4) |
| Gastrointestinal complication | 18 (7.8) | 20 (8.5) |
| Urinary complication | 6 (2.6) | 7 (3.0) |
| Surgical site infection | 8 (3.5) | 4 (1.7) |
| Respiratory complication | 3 (1.3) | 2 (0.8) |
| Cardiac complication | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular complication | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
| Other | 12 (5.2) | 7 (3.0) |
a
The categories (intraoperative, within 30 days postoperatively, and within 6 months [after 30 days]) are not mutually exclusive.