Table 3. Secondary Outcomes by Randomization Group Diabetes Mellitus Patient-Reported Outcomes.
| Variable | Randomization Group | P Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No SMBG | SMBG, No Messaging | SMBG With Messaging | ||||||
| No. | Mean (SD) | No. | Mean (SD) | No. | Mean (SD) | Overalla | Contrastb | |
| Problem areas in diabetes (PAID) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 152 | 13.12 (15.53) | 150 | 12.54 (14.89) | 148 | 13.67 (18.16) | .21 | .08 |
| Follow-up | 143 | 11.06 (15.45) | 142 | 8.96 (13.90) | 135 | 9.04 (14.54) | ||
| Change | 143 | −1.97 (15.44) | 142 | −4.01 (12.16) | 135 | −3.84 (13.53) | ||
| Diabetes symptoms checklist (DSC) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 152 | 19.04 (19.56) | 150 | 21.55 (21.88) | 148 | 20.73 (22.62) | .06 | .06 |
| Follow-up | 143 | 21.43 (23.73) | 142 | 19.46 (20.10) | 135 | 19.80 (21.42) | ||
| Change | 143 | 2.15 (14.37) | 142 | −2.36 (15.37) | 135 | 0.53 (14.78) | ||
| Diabetes empowerment scale (DES-SF) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 152 | 4.35 (0.48) | 149 | 4.33 (0.50) | 148 | 4.27 (0.58) | .28 | .28 |
| Follow-up | 143 | 4.43 (0.49) | 142 | 4.42 (0.47) | 135 | 4.46 (0.49) | ||
| Change | 143 | 0.08 (0.53) | 141 | 0.11 (0.50) | 135 | 0.20 (0.49) | ||
| Summary of diabetes self-care activities (total score) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 152 | 3.42 (1.32) | 150 | 3.64 (1.42) | 148 | 3.46 (1.34) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Follow-up | 143 | 3.39 (1.23) | 142 | 4.12 (1.30) | 135 | 3.87 (1.32) | ||
| Change | 143 | 0.01 (1.00) | 142 | 0.51 (1.14) | 135 | 0.45 (1.67) | ||
| Summary of diabetes self-care activities (blood sugar subscale) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 152 | 2.54 (2.62) | 149 | 2.65 (2.77) | 148 | 2.64 (2.87) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Follow-up | 143 | 0.95 (2.00) | 142 | 5.60 (2.29) | 135 | 5.39 (2.30) | ||
| Change | 143 | −1.46 (2.83) | 141 | 2.94 (3.23) | 135 | 2.81 (3.30) | ||
| Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction | ||||||||
| Baseline | 149 | 31.74 (5.52) | 147 | 31.71 (4.92) | 148 | 31.89 (4.96) | .48 | .48 |
| Follow-up | 135 | 31.66 (6.27) | 141 | 32.21 (4.89) | 135 | 31.74 (5.90) | ||
| Change | 133 | −0.16 (6.26) | 138 | 0.67 (4.95) | 135 | −0.28 (5.89) | ||
| Communication assessment tool | ||||||||
| Baseline | 152 | 4.53 (0.69) | 150 | 4.35 (0.70) | 148 | 4.49 (0.76) | .68 | .45 |
| Follow-up | 141 | 4.57 (0.68) | 142 | 4.52 (0.74) | 134 | 4.53 (0.71) | ||
| Change | 141 | 0.03 (0.68) | 142 | −0.02 (0.65) | 134 | 0.01 (0.75) | ||
Abbreviation: SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose.
a
Test comparing all 3 groups from ANCOVA model controlling for site, baseline scale score, baseline hemoglobin A1c, prior use of SMBG, duration of T2DM, baseline antihyperglycemic treatment, age, race/ethnicity, health literacy, and number of baseline comorbidities.
b
Contrast test from same ANCOVA model comparing average of testing groups with no testing group.