Table 2. Primary and Secondary Outcomes Change From Baseline and Between-Group Differencesa.
| Follow-up, mo | No. | In-Person | Change From Baseline, Mean (95% CI) | Difference IVR-CBT vs In-Person CBT, Mean (95% CI) | P Value for Difference Between Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | IVR | ||||||
| Average Pain Intensity NRS (Past Week) (n = 104) | |||||||
| 3 | 42 | −0.84 (−1.39 to −0.29) | 52 | −0.77 (−1.29 to −0.26) | 0.07 (−0.67 to 0.80) | NA | |
| 6 | 45 | −1.00 (−1.52 to −0.48) | 49 | −1.23 (−1.73 to −0.72) | −0.23 (−0.94 to 0.49) | NA | |
| 9 | 45 | −0.44 (−1.01 to 0.14) | 49 | −0.51 (−1.06 to 0.04) | −0.08 (−0.86 to 0.71) | NA | |
| WHYMPI Total (n = 104) | |||||||
| 3 | 43 | −0.04 (−0.35 to 0.26) | 51 | −0.37 (−0.66 to −0.08) | −0.33 (−0.74 to 0.09) | .12 | |
| 6 | 46 | −0.02 (−0.40 to 0.35) | 48 | −0.37 (−0.73 to 0.00) | −0.34 (−0.87 to 0.18) | .20 | |
| 9 | 45 | −0.09 (−0.48 to 0.30) | 48 | −0.12 (−0.50 to 0.26) | −0.02 (−0.57 to 0.52) | .93 | |
| RMDQ Total (n = 104) | |||||||
| 3 | 43 | −2.42 (−3.74 to −1.11) | 51 | −2.92 (−4.16 to −1.69) | −0.50 (−2.29 to 1.29) | .58 | |
| 6 | 46 | −1.86 (−3.25 to −0.46) | 48 | −3.38 (−4.75 to −2.02) | −1.53 (−3.46 to 0.41) | .12 | |
| 9 | 45 | −2.02 (−3.32 to −0.71) | 48 | −2.63 (−3.90 to −1.35) | −0.61 (−2.42 to 1.20) | .51 | |
| PSQI Total (n = 97) | |||||||
| 3 | 38 | −1.09 (−2.06 to −0.11) | 47 | −2.03 (−2.94 to −1.12) | −0.94 (−2.28 to 0.40) | .17 | |
| 6 | 42 | −1.21 (−2.12 to −0.29) | 45 | −1.33 (−2.21 to −0.44) | −0.12 (−1.39 to 1.16) | .86 | |
| 9 | 42 | −1.25 (−2.38 to −0.11) | 44 | −0.87 (−1.99 to 0.24) | 0.37 (−1.22 to 1.97) | .64 | |
| BDI-II Total (n = 105) | |||||||
| 3 | 43 | −1.25 (−3.14 to 0.65) | 52 | −1.00 (−2.79 to 0.78) | 0.24 (−2.32 to 2.80) | .85 | |
| 6 | 46 | 0.78 (−1.40 to 2.96) | 49 | −0.49 (−2.61 to 1.64) | −1.27 (−4.27 to 1.73) | .40 | |
| 9 | 45 | 1.62 (−0.97 to 4.21) | 49 | 0.89 (−1.62 to 3.40) | −0.74 (−4.30 to 2.83) | .68 | |
| SF-36V PCS (n = 100) | |||||||
| 3 | 40 | 1.91 (0.01 to 3.81) | 47 | 2.20 (0.43 to 3.96) | 0.29 (−2.30 to 2.87) | .83 | |
| 6 | 42 | 0.90 (−1.15 to 2.95) | 45 | 2.05 (0.09 to 4.02) | 1.15 (−1.68 to 3.98) | .42 | |
| 9 | 41 | 2.09 (0.03 to 4.14) | 45 | 1.50 (−0.44 to 3.45) | −0.58 (−3.40 to 2.24) | .68 | |
| SF-36V MCS (n = 100) | |||||||
| 3 | 40 | 0.42 (−1.74 to 2.59) | 47 | 1.67 (−0.36 to 3.71) | 1.25 (−1.66 to 4.16) | .40 | |
| 6 | 42 | 1.01 (−1.33 to 3.35) | 45 | 1.39 (−0.86 to 3.64) | 0.38 (−2.82 to 3.58) | .81 | |
| 9 | 41 | −1.47 (−3.96 to 1.02) | 45 | 0.96 (−1.41 to 3.33) | 2.43 (−0.96 to 5.82) | .16 | |
Abbreviations: BDI II, Beck Depression Inventory II; IVR, interactive voice response; NA, not applicable; NRS, numeric rating scale; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing scale; PSQI, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index; RMDQ, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; SF-36V, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey for Veterans; WHYMPI, West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory.
a
The means are least-squares mean estimates from mixed models adjusting for treatment, time, time-by-treatment interactions, baseline outcome value and stratification variables.