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. 2018 Feb 16;13:975–990. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S157391

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© 2018 Kumar et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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The hepatic pathological changes in NDEA-induced rats.

Notes: (A) Intact liver showing numerous carcinogenic nodules in the carcinogen control group that were reduced significantly or absent after treatments with 5-FU, B (50), B (100), BNP (50) and BNP (100). (B) Histopathological changes (40×, scale bar 50 µm). (C) SEM photomicrographs of the liver tissues (2,000×). Again, histopathology and SEM analysis show that BNP has greater potential to restore liver cell architecture than B. The studied groups are as follows: (1) NC, (2) CC (NDEA), (3) PC (NDEA + 5-FU), (4) NDEA + B (50), (5) NDEA + B (100), (6) NDEA + BNP (50) and (7) NDEA + BNP (100). N, normal nucleus; dN, degenerated nucleus; RC, ruptured hepatic cells; TA, tumor anaplastic cells and K, Kupffer cells.

Abbreviations: NDEA, N-nitrosodiethylamine; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; B, betulinic acid; BNP, B nanoparticles; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; NC, normal control; CC, carcinogen control; PC, positive control; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.