Table 1.

Characterization of BNP preparations

BNP preparations	Sonication time and % of PVA	Particle size (nm)	Zeta potential (mV)	PDI	Entrapment efficiency (%)	Loading capacity (%)
Batch A	Sonication time: 15 min and 2% PVA	353.9	−0.198	0.234±0.011	67.23±5.47	7.25±0.53
Batch B	Sonication time: 30 min and 2% PVA	257.1	−0.170	0.356±0.002	84.56±3.96	11.13±0.60
Batch C	Sonication time: 15 min and 4% PVA	568.4	−0.243	0.081±0.011	57.11±3.98	6.67±0.48
Batch D	Sonication time: 30 min and 4% PVA	509.4	−0.215	0.060±0.015	60.67±2.89	6.91±0.39
Batch E	Sonication time: 15 min and 6% PVA	679.3	−0.275	0.057±0.016	61.33±4.55	7.05±0.43
Batch F	Sonication time: 30 min and 6% PVA	657.7	−0.269	0.129±0.012	56.22±2.75	6.38±0.27

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=3). Optimized batch was batch B (30 min sonication time with 2% PVA).

Abbreviations: BNP, B nanoparticles; PVA, polyvinyl alcohol; PDI, polydispersity index; SD, standard deviation; B, betulinic acid.