Table 2.
UTI levels and CS moiety structure in T1DM, T2DM, and healthy controls.
| Controls | T1DM | T2DM | T1DM versus controls | T2DM versus controls | T1DM versus T2DM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UTI protein core levels (μg prot./mg creatinine)a | 4.093d(2.326–9.920) | 9.612d(5.532–22.738) | 7.792d(4.304–16.181) | 0.001 b | 0.006 b | 0.160b |
| CS levels (μg UA/mg creatinine)a | 1.251e(1.041–1.413) | 1.940e(1.459–5.949) | 1.514e(1.315–2.286) | 0.005 b | 0.041 b | 0.162b |
| Sulphation degree (∆di-mono 4S/∆di-mono 4S + ∆di-non S)a | 53.113%e(47.360–55.338) | 42.612%e(35.734–49.263) | 44.712%e(36.633–50.073) | 0.046 c | 0.021 c | 0.873c |
| Chain length (moles of ∆di/moles of UTI)a | 10.951e(9.010–12.780) | 8.967e(8.498–23.598) | 12.764e(12.212–15.502) | 0.967b | 0.096b | 0.473b |
aMedian and interquartile ranges (in parenthesis) are reported. b p values, obtained by the Mann–Whitney Rank Sum tests, are reported. c p values, obtained by t-tests, are reported. dData obtained from 52 controls, 39 type 1 diabetics, and 32 type 2 diabetics. eData obtained from 10 controls, 10 type 1 diabetics, and 10 type 2 diabetics. Significant differences are reported in bold (p < 0.05).