Table 2.
Sample Characteristics of People Who Had Had a Stroke: 2010 Health and Retirement Study
| Parameters | Total, % (N=970) |
No falls, % (n=489) |
Falls in the past 2 yearsa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without injury (n=332) |
With injury (n=149) |
Total (n=481) |
||||||
| % | p-value | % | p-value | % | p-value | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 83.0 | 80.4 | 84.3 | 0.158 | 88.8 | 0.010 | 85.7 | 0.035 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 10.8 | 12.9 | 9.5 | 0.170 | 7.1 | 0.030 | 8.7 | 0.066 |
| Hispanic | 4.8 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 0.534 | 4.0 | 0.486 | 4.3 | 0.409 |
| Other races | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.724 | 0.0 | 0.059 | 1.2 | 0.771 |
| Male | 49.6 | 52.6 | 51.7 | 0.832 | 35.9 | 0.001 | 46.6 | 0.095 |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 65–74 | 40.5 | 43.8 | 36.3 | 0.063 | 39.0 | 0.311 | 37.1 | 0.053 |
| 75–84 | 39.5 | 36.9 | 44.0 | 0.120 | 38.0 | 0.816 | 42.1 | 0.196 |
| ≥85 | 20.0 | 19.3 | 19.7 | 0.916 | 23.0 | 0.261 | 20.8 | 0.623 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 26.4 | 24.0 | 28.4 | 0.237 | 29.6 | 0.239 | 28.9 | 0.166 |
| High school | 36.5 | 38.2 | 35.6 | 0.476 | 32.8 | 0.249 | 34.7 | 0.312 |
| Some college | 18.4 | 18.0 | 19.2 | 0.664 | 18.1 | 0.980 | 18.8 | 0.703 |
| College and more | 18.7 | 19.8 | 16.8 | 0.344 | 19.5 | 0.959 | 17.6 | 0.456 |
| Currently married | 50.1 | 51.4 | 50.7 | 0.861 | 44.9 | 0.313 | 48.8 | 0.555 |
| Number of chronic conditionsb | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 8.5 | 12.6 | 5.3 | 0.003 | 2.2 | < 0.001 | 4.3 | < 0.001 |
| 2–3 | 38.3 | 46.8 | 29.7 | < 0.001 | 29.5 | 0.003 | 29.6 | < 0.001 |
| ≥4 | 53.2 | 40.6 | 65.0 | < 0.001 | 68.4 | < 0.001 | 66.1 | < 0.001 |
| Total non-housing wealth, U.S. $ | ||||||||
| ≤6,000 | 28.8 | 27.3 | 28.7 | 0.667 | 33.9 | 0.215 | 30.4 | 0.373 |
| 6,001–66,000 | 27.4 | 26.7 | 31.2 | 0.257 | 21.9 | 0.302 | 28.2 | 0.688 |
| 66,001–306,000 | 23.9 | 24.3 | 22.3 | 0.662 | 25.7 | 0.768 | 23.4 | 0.826 |
| >306,000 | 19.9 | 21.7 | 17.8 | 0.240 | 18.5 | 0.510 | 18.1 | 0.225 |
| Formal caregiving | ||||||||
| Utilization | 11.7 | 7.8 | 12.5 | 0.082 | 21.9 | 0.002 | 15.6 | 0.008 |
| Hours per week | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 0.766 | 3.6 | 0.915 | 3.4 | 0.808 |
| Informal caregiving | ||||||||
| Utilization | 32.4 | 20.7 | 38.8 | < 0.001 | 56.0 | < 0.001 | 44.3 | < 0.001 |
| Hours per week | 11.3 | 7.1 | 12.9 | 0.008 | 21.1 | 0.001 | 15.5 | < 0.001 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
a
p-values compare values in “No falls” column to values in each subcolumn of “Falls in past 2 years.”
b
Authors included 11 chronic conditions: hypertension; diabetes; cancer; lung disease; heart disease; any emotional, nervous, or psychiatric problems; arthritis; dementia or Alzheimer’s disease; urinary incontinence; visual impairment (corrected eyesight reported as “poor” or “legally blind”); and hearing impairment (corrected hearing ability reported as “poor”).