Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of incident dialysis patients in Aotearoa/New Zealand, according to indigenous status
| Whole Cohort | Cohort after propensity matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Māori n = 3312 | Māori n = 1459 | Standardised Difference | Non-Māori n = 1026 | Māori n = 1039 | Standardised Difference | |
| Age, yearsa | 58 (15) | 56 (12) | 0.15 | 55 (13) | 55 (12) | 0.03 |
| Womena | 1310 (40) | 601 (41) | −0.02 | 564 (39) | 595 (41) | −0.04 |
| Domicile Code | ||||||
| Urban | 2728 (83) | 981 (67) | 0.38 | 1270 (88) | 974 (67) | 0.52 |
| Semi-urban | 342 (10) | 268 (18) | −0.23 | 130 (9) | 264 (18) | −0.27 |
| Rural | 234 (7) | 206 (14) | −0.23 | 45 (3) | 206 (14) | −0.50 |
| Deprivation scorea | ||||||
| 1 to 5 | 1184 (36) | 206 (14) | 0.53 | 202 (14) | 205 (14) | 0.00 |
| 6 to 8 | 1086 (33) | 396 (27) | 0.13 | 426 (29) | 393 (27) | 0.04 |
| 9 to 10 | 1034 (31) | 854 (59) | −0.59 | 817 (57) | 847 (59) | −0.04 |
| Smoking statusa | ||||||
| Never | 1663 (50) | 406 (28) | 0.46 | 441 (31) | 402 (28) | 0.07 |
| Former | 1243 (38) | 679 (47) | −0.18 | 652 (45) | 671 (46) | −0.02 |
| Current | 404 (12) | 373 (26) | −0.36 | 352 (24) | 372 (26) | −0.05 |
| Laboratory variables | ||||||
| Serum creatinine μmol/L | 721 (333) | 783 (350) | −0.18 | 753 (322) | 782 (350) | −0.09 |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 110 (17) | 108 (17) | 0.12 | 109 (17) | 108 (17) | 0.06 |
| Body mass index kg/m2a | 28 (7) | 33 (8) | −0.67 | 33 (9) | 33 (8) | 0.00 |
| Primary renal disease | ||||||
| Diabetesa | 1143 (35) | 1010 (69) | −0.72 | 940 (65) | 1001 (69) | −0.09 |
| Hypertension/ischaemic | 446 (14) | 80 (5) | 0.31 | 88 (6) | 79 (5) | 0.04 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 941 (28) | 228 (16) | 0.29 | 250 (17) | 228 (16) | 0.03 |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 241 (7) | 23 (2) | 0.24 | 37 (3) | 22 (2) | 0.06 |
| Urological | 146 (4) | 25 (2) | 012 | 35 (2) | 25 (2) | 0.00 |
| Other | 395 (12) | 93 (6) | 0.21 | 95 (7) | 90 (6) | 0.04 |
| Comorbid medical conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Type 1 | 116 (4) | 27 (2) | 0.12 | 69 (5) | 27 (2) | 0.16 |
| Type 2 | 1241 (37) | 1042 (72) | −0.75 | 1014 (70) | 1033 (71) | −0.02 |
| Coronary artery disease | 875 (26) | 410 (28) | −0.05 | 415 (29) | 402 (28) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 458 (14) | 281 (19) | −0.14 | 260 (18) | 273 (19) | −0.03 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 373 (11) | 156 (11) | 0 | 181 (13) | 153 (11) | 0.06 |
| Chronic lung disease | 354 (11) | 275 (19) | −0.23 | 196 (14) | 273 (19) | −0.14 |
| Cancer | 692 (21) | 204 (14) | 0.19 | 192 (13) | 203 (14) | −0.03 |
| Year of starting renal replacement therapy | ||||||
| 2002–2003 | 609 (18) | 282 (19) | −0.03 | 260 (18) | 274 (19) | −0.03 |
| 2004–2006 | 955 (29) | 430 (30) | −0.02 | 366 (25) | 393 (27) | −0.05 |
| 2007–2008 | 643 (19) | 289 (20) | −0.03 | 366 (25) | 413 (29) | −0.09 |
| 2009–2011 | 1105 (34) | 458 (31) | 0.06 | 453 (31) | 365 (25) | 0.13 |
Data are presented as number (proportion) or mean (SD). Standardised differences of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 can be considered to represent small, medium and large differences [25, 38]. Deprivation based on NZDep13 which is a socio economic deprivation index used in Aotearoa/New Zealand where 10 = lowest decile (most deprived) and 1 = highest decile (least deprived) [19]. Urban is defined as most urbanised areas of Aotearoa/New Zealand, semi-urban is defined as towns and settlements without significant dependence on main urban centers, and rural is defined as areas with low urban influence [21]. a Variables included in the propensity score modeling