Table 2.
Disease-specific characteristics at baseline, according to outcome
| No. of patients | Alive (n = 403) | Died (n = 213) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive tests | ||||
| MMSE | 616 | 22 ± 3 | 22 ± 3 | 0.480 |
| Digit span forward | 597 | 11 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | 0.908 |
| Digit span backward | 593 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 2 | 0.154 |
| VAT naming | 576 | 11 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 0.194 |
| VAT memory | 579 | 6 ± 4 | 6 ± 4 | 0.641 |
| TMT-A, seconds | 581 | 81 ± 62 | 92 ± 64 | 0.046 |
| TMT-B, seconds | 581 | 299 ± 235 | 329 ± 215 | 0.079 |
| RAVLT, immediate recall | 551 | 23 ± 7 | 22 ± 8 | 0.026 |
| RAVLT, delayed recall | 549 | 2 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 0.391 |
| Category fluency | 563 | 13 ± 5 | 13 ± 6 | 0.325 |
| MRI | ||||
| MTA | 484 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 0.000 |
| PA | 470 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 0.185 |
| GCA | 482 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.004 |
| WMH | 485 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.152 |
| Lacunes present, n (%) | 483 | 20 (6) | 16 (9) | 0.262 |
| Microbleeds by category, n (%) | 393 | 0.064 | ||
| 0 microbleeds | 181 (75) | 112 (74) | ||
| 1–2 microbleeds | 41 (17) | 17 (11) | ||
| ≥ 3 microbleeds | 20 (8) | 22 (15) | ||
| Infarcts present, n (%) | 482 | 3 (1) | 4 (2) | 0.257 |
| CSF | ||||
| Aβ42, pg/ml | 466 | 525 ± 172 | 490 ± 173 | 0.037 |
| tau, pg/ml | 460 | 662 ± 340 | 695 ± 434 | 0.374 |
| p-tau, pg/ml | 463 | 83 ± 33 | 91 ± 45 | 0.031 |
Abbreviations: MMSE Mini Mental State Examination (score range 0–30), Digit span forward and backward (range 0–21), VAT Visual Association Test (naming range 0–12, memory range 0–12), TMT Trail Making Test (no range), RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (immediate recall range 0–60, delayed recall range 0–15), MTA Medial temporal lobe atrophy (range 0–4; average score of left and right sides), PA Parietal atrophy (range 0–3; average score of left and right sides), GCA Global cortical atrophy (range 0–3), WMH White matter hyperintensities (range 0–3), Aβ42 β-Amyloid 1–42, p-tau Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid
Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. Group differences were calculated using Student’s t test for continuous variables. For categorical variables, the chi-square test was used