Table 4.
Cox proportional hazards models used to evaluate influence of cognitive performance, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid at baseline on survival
| Model 1 unadjusted | Model 2 adjusted for age and sex | Model 3: model 2 plus MMSE and duration of complaints | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Cognitive tests | ||||||
| MMSEa | 1.11 (0.97–1.28) | 0.131 | 1.23 (1.07–1.42) | 0.005 | 1.25 (1.08–1.44) | 0.003 |
| Digit span forwarda | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.362 | 1.10 (0.95–1.26) | 0.207 | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 0.651 |
| Digit span backwarda | 1.21 (1.05–1.40) | 0.008 | 1.31 (1.13–1.52) | 0.000 | 1.24 (1.06–1.46) | 0.009 |
| VAT naminga | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | 0.037 | 1.14 (1.01–1.30) | 0.042 | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 0.136 |
| VAT memorya | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 0.937 | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.360 | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 0.790 |
| TMT-A | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 0.003 | 1.29 (1.14–1.47) | 0.000 | 1.23 (1.08–1.41) | 0.003 |
| TMT-B | 1.19 (1.05–1.35) | 0.006 | 1.28 (1.13–1.45) | 0.000 | 1.21 (1.06–1.40) | 0.005 |
| RAVLT, immediate recalla | 1.23 (1.06–1.43) | 0.008 | 1.19 (1.02–1.38) | 0.025 | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 0.193 |
| RAVLT, delayed recalla | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 0.533 | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 0.507 | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 0.154 |
| Category fluencya | 1.17 (1.02–1.37) | 0.045 | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | 0.041 | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) | 0.243 |
| MRI | ||||||
| MTA | 1.26 (1.10–1.44) | 0.001 | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 0.030 | 1.15 (0.98–1.34) | 0.081 |
| PA | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | 0.113 | 1.10 (0.95–1.28) | 0.192 | 1.12 (0.96–1.29) | 0.143 |
| GCA | 1.21 (1.05–1.40) | 0.008 | 1.18 (1.01–1.37) | 0.037 | 1.17 (1.00–1.36) | 0.044 |
| WMH | 1.16 (1.01–1.33) | 0.041 | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | 0.364 | 1.05 (0.90–1.22) | 0.518 |
| Lacunes presentb | 1.15 (0.77–1.71) | 0.505 | 1.10 (0.73–1.66) | 0.634 | 1.17 (0.76–1.79) | 0.485 |
| Microbleed categories | ||||||
| Microbleeds, 1–2 | 0.82 (0.49–1.37) | 0.450 | 0.72 (0.43–1.19) | 0.195 | 0.69 (0.42–1.16) | 0.163 |
| Microbleeds, ≥ 3 | 1.09 (0.80–1.47) | 0.598 | 1.03 (0.76–1.40) | 0.840 | 1.01 (0.74–1.37) | 0.956 |
| Infarcts presentb | 1.11 (0.63–2.00) | 0.710 | 1.15 (0.64–2.05) | 0.641 | 1.11 (0.60–2.05) | 0.727 |
| CSF | ||||||
| Aβ42a | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 0.765 | 1.02 (0.87–1.18) | 0.850 | 0.99 (0.86–1.16) | 0.943 |
| tau | 1.05 (0.91–1.22) | 0.504 | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) | 0.275 | 1.07 (0.92–1.26) | 0.369 |
| p-tau | 1.06 (0.92–1.23) | 0.426 | 1.09 (0.94–1.26) | 0.242 | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 0.316 |
Abbreviations: MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, VAT Visual Association Test, TMT Trail Making Test, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, MTA Medial temporal lobe atrophy, PA Parietal atrophy, GCA Global cortical atrophy, WMH White matter hyperintensities score 3, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, Aβ42 β-Amyloid 1–42, p-tau Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181
Data are presented as HR (95% CI) using pooled data of 15 imputations per SD increase for continuous variables or for the presence of the dichotomous variable for mortality
a Because a lower score indicates worse performance, these scores were inverted
b Dichotomous variable