Table 2.
Participant characteristics by tertile of dietary GHG emission (median (IQR))
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n = 352) |
Intermediate (n = 352) |
High (n = 351) |
Low (n = 348) |
Intermediate (n = 350) |
High (n = 349) |
|
| Tertile cut-off points | ||||||
| GHG emission (kg CO2-eq/d)a | ≤3.9 | 3.9-5.1 | ≥ 5.1 | ≤3.0 | 3.0–4.0 | ≥ 4.0 |
| Characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 40 (28–56) | 39 (28–55) | 42 (29–56) | 38 (27–54) | 39 (28–54) | 44 (30–58) |
| Low educational level (%)b | 29 | 27 | 36 | 40 | 35 | 36 |
| Net household income | ||||||
| < 1700 euro/month (%) | 29 | 27 | 28 | 38 | 37 | 32 |
| 1700–2900 euro/month (%) | 51 | 50 | 48 | 42 | 45 | 50 |
| > 2900 euro/month (%) | 20 | 23 | 25 | 20 | 18 | 19 |
| Dutch ethnicity (%) | 96 | 97 | 98 | 93 | 96 | 97 |
| BMIc | ||||||
| Overweight (%) | 41 | 35 | 44 | 25 | 30 | 33 |
| Obesity (%) | 15 | 16 | 10 | 22 | 22 | 21 |
| MET score (hours/week) | 142 (88–197) | 160 (111–223) | 167 (112–229) | 146 (94–210) | 154 (101–211) | 157 (117–226) |
| BMR (kJ/h/kg body mass)d | 7.7 (7.2–8.3) | 7.7 (7.3–8.3) | 7.7 (7.3–8.1) | 6.0 (5.6–6.5) | 6.1 (5.8–6.6) | 6.0 (5.7–6.6) |
BMR basal metabolic rate, CO2-eq carbon dioxide equivalent, GHG greenhouse gas, MET metabolic equivalent
aAverage GHG emission for a day’s consumption based on two 24-h recalls used to define low (≤ P33), intermediate (> P33 and ≤ P66) and high (> P66) dietary GHG emission
bLow education was defined as primary education/lower vocational education/low or intermediate secondary education
cOverweight was defined as a BMI ≥25 and < 30; and obesity as a BMI ≥30 [19]
dBMR calculated from standard equations based on weight, age and sex [20]