Table 1.
Subject characteristics by FTO genotype
| rs1558902 genotype | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TT | TA | AA | p | |
| Subjects [n(%)] | 762 (51) | 569 (38) | 160 (11) | |
| Age (year) | 22.5 ± 0.1 | 22.8 ± 0.1 | 22.7 ± 0.2a | 0.11 |
| Sex [n(%)] | 0.78 | |||
| Male | 233 (50) | 184 (39) | 51 (11) | |
| Female | 529 (52) | 385 (38) | 109 (10) | |
| Ethnicity [n(%)] | < 0.0001 | |||
| Caucasian | 256 (34) | 367 (48) | 136 (18) | |
| East Asian | 422 (76) | 125 (22) | 11 (2) | |
| South Asian | 84 (48) | 77 (44) | 13 (8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 0.1b | 23.2 ± 0.2a | 23.6 ± 0.3a | 0.02 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 112.6 ± 0.4 | 114.7 ± 0.5 | 115.2 ± 0.8 | 0.77 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69.0 ± 0.3 | 69.7 ± 0.3 | 69.3 ± 0.6 | 0.73 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 72.8 ± 0.3 | 75.1 ± 0.4 | 75.9 ± 0.7 | 0.07 |
| Physical activity (METs) | 7.7 ± 0.1b | 7.6 ± 0.1b | 8.4 ± 0.2a | 0.005 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.79 ± 0.01 | 4.78 ± 0.02 | 4.77 ± 0.03 | 0.92 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 46.2 ± 1.0 | 47.6 ± 1.9 | 45 ± 2.6 | 0.39 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.39 ± 0.03 | 1.43 ± 0.06 | 1.34 ± 0.09 | 0.02 |
| HOMA-β | 107.2 ± 4.2 | 106.9 ± 3.8 | 101.7 ± 5.6 | 0.02 |
| Cholesterol | ||||
| Total (mmol/L) | 4.25 ± 0.03 | 4.26 ± 0.03 | 4.25 ± 0.06 | 0.93 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.54 ± 0.01 | 1.54 ± 0.02 | 1.53 ± 0.03 | 0.28 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.27 ± 0.02 | 2.28 ± 0.03 | 2.31 ± 0.05 | 0.71 |
| Total/HDL (mmol/L) | 2.89 ± 0.03 | 2.92 ± 0.04 | 2.88 ± 0.05 | 0.64 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.99 ± 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.91 ± 0.03 | 0.01 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 0.59 |
| Free fatty acids (μmol/L) | 487.2 ± 9.1 | 483.8 ± 10.8 | 475.5 ± 20.8 | 0.82 |
| Dietary intake | ||||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2033 ± 33 | 2116 ± 98 | 2017 ± 68 | 0.17 |
| Protein (g/day) | 89.9 ± 1.6 | 89.6 ± 1.7 | 84.0 ± 3.0 | 0.39 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 67.5 ± 1.2 | 71.0 ± 1.5 | 69.8 ± 3.0 | 0.96 |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | 267.7 ± 4.5 | 279.6 ± 5.3 | 262.6 ± 8.7 | 0.52 |
Differences between groups assessed using χ2 test for categorical variables and ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, and energy intake for continuous variables. Groups without a common letter differ after a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test (p < 0.05)
METs metabolic equivalent hours per week, HOMA-IR homeostasis model of insulin resistance, HOMA-β homeostasis model of β-cell function, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
aMean ± SE (all such values)