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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 20.
Published in final edited form as: Bioessays. 2015 Dec 10;38(1):50–63. doi: 10.1002/bies.201500102

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Biosafety options for sample experiments for different active genetic elements: Top: Schemes depicting an MCR targeting an endogenous sequence (left), a split cas9; <gRNA> allelic pump (middle), and an MCR targeting an exogenous sequence (right). Bottom: Types of experiments and recommended physical confinement strategies suitable for each type of active element. ACL = Arthropod Containment Levels. ACL1 corresponds to containment of arthropods judged to present a BioSafety Level 1 (BSL1) concern, which applies to standard laboratory organisms (e.g., flies or harmless strains of E. coli used for cloning) while ACL2 applies to insect vectors carrying BSL2 rated pathogens (e.g., mosquitoes carrying malarial parasites or tsetse flies carrying trypanosomes). For relevant current federal regulations on recombinant DNA and confinement procedures see references74–76. Question marks indicate tentative suggested levels of confinement for the different drive configurations.