Fig. 3.

Mononucleosome binding activities of BARD1 mutant proteins. Mononucleosome binding by wild-type BRCA1/BARD1 and by complex with neutral BARD1 p.C78S is observed as the appearance of a distinct band (marked as “bound MN”) at increasing concentration of added protein. In contrast, BARD1 and BRCA1 mutations identified in breast cancer families are deficient at binding mononucleosomes in vitro. Electromobility gel shift assays were carried out at increasing concentrations (10, 20, and 30 μM) of the indicated BRCA1/BARD1 complexes and visualized by ethidium bromide staining of DNA incorporated into the mononucleosomes (MN). Mutations identified in breast cancer families are labeled in red.