Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of chronically critically ill (CCI) patients three months (t2) following discharge from ICU at acute care hospital (n = 113). Non-participants were defined as all patients of the potentially to be enrolled patients who could not be interviewed at t1, t2 and t3 for different reasons (see Flow chart, Fig. 1)
| Characteristic | Patients n = 113 | Non-Participants n = 239 | U/ χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs. median (IQR) | 61.1 (55.7–65.6) | 61.8 (55.5–67.1) | 12,659.500 | .344(U)a |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 82 (72.6) | 171 (71.5) | ||
| Female | 31 (27.4) | 68 (28.5) | .039 | .843(χ2)b |
| Family status, n (%) | ||||
| Single | 10 (8.8) | 29 (12.1) | ||
| Married/cohabited | 78 (69.0) | 156 (65.3) | ||
| Divorced/ living apart | 16 (14.2) | 31 (13.0) | ||
| Widowed | 9 (8.0) | 7 (2.9) c | 5.476 | .242(χ2)b |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| < 10 yrs | 35 (31.0)d | 78 (32.6)e | ||
| ≥ 10 yrs | 72 (63.7) | 90 (37.7) | 5.082 | .024*(χ2)b |
| ICU stay, days median (IQR) | 66.0 (49.0–93.5) | 73.0 (52.0–115.0) | 12,016.500 | .095 U) |
| Mechanical ventilation, days median (IQR) | 47.0 (33.0–70.0) | 54.0 (33.0–84.0) | 11,954.500 | .082(U) |
| Sepsis, n (%) | ||||
| No sepsis | 36 (31.9) | 68 (28.5) | ||
| Sepsis | 42 (37.2) | 96 (40.2) | ||
| Severe sepsis or septic shock | 35 (31.0) | 75 (31.4) | .481 | .786(χ2)b |
| Site of infection, n (%) | ||||
| Respiratory | 56 (49.6) | 125 (52.3) | .744 | .689(χ2)b |
| Urinary/ genitals | 12 (10.6) | 16 (6.7) | 2.061 | .357(χ2)b |
| Abdominal | 10 (8.8) | 21 (8.8) | .474 | .789(χ2)b |
| Bones/ soft tissue | 6 (5.3) | 12 (5.0) | .485 | .784(χ2)b |
| Wound infection | 2 (1.8) | 8 (3.3) | 1.176 | .555(χ2)b |
| Heart | 1 (.9) | 6 (2.5) | 1.525 | .466(χ2)b |
| Multiple | 13 (11.5) | 22 (9.2) | .911 | .634(χ2)b |
| Others | 8 (7.1)f | 26 (10.9)g | 1.771 | .413(χ2)b |
| Unknown | 4 (3.5) | 4 (3.5) | 2.245 | .325(χ2)b |
| Barthel index, median (IQR) | ||||
| at admission at post-acute ICU | −200.0 (− 225.0- -125.0) | −200.0 (−225.0- -125.0) | 12,897.500 | .490(U)a |
| at discharge from post-acute ICU | −35.0 (−82.5–7.5) | −95.0 (− 175.0- -15.0) | 8475.500 | <.001***(U)a |
| at discharge from rehabilitation hospital | 65.0 (35.0–85.0) | −10.0 (− 150.0–60.0) | 6687.000 | <.001***(U)a |
| History of alcohol consumption, n (%) | 22 (19.5) | 43 (18.0) | .111 | .739(χ2)b |
| History of anxiety disorder, n (%) | 8 (7.1) | 21 (8.8) | .296 | .587(χ2)b |
| History of depression, n (%) | 23 (20.4) | 58 (24.3) | .663 | .415(χ2)b |
| History of mental disorder, n (%) | 70 (61.9) | 134 (56.1) | 1.089 | .297(χ2)b |
ap-value from Mann-Whitney-U test;
bp-value from McNemar test
cn = 16 missing values
dn = 6 missing values
en = 71 missing values
fn = 1 brain, n = 5 central venous catheter, n = 1 port system, n = 1 urinary catheter
gn = 1 aorta, n = 1 teeth, n = 1 nose, n = 1 port system, n = 1 shunt, n = 18 central venous catheter, n = 1 urinary catheter, n = 2 heart catheter
***p ≤ .001, **p ≤ .01, *p ≤ .05