Table 2. Evaluative and formative (technical) supervision of health centres in Rwanda.

Category	Evaluative supervision	Formative/technical supervision
Main objective	Evaluate patient utilisation (Quantité) and quality aspects (Qualité) of selected services	Help providers improve performance
Tools	Complete checklists	Summary checklists and clinical guides
Marks for PBF	Yes	No
Schedule	Quantité: Monthly. Date pre-announced. Qualité: Quarterly. Date unannounced.	Quarterly, or as needed. Date pre-announced.

PBF: Performance Based Financing; Qualité and Quantité: Local French terms for two aspects of evaluative supervision.