Table 1. Baseline characteristics of included patients and quality assessment.

Study	Publication years	Country	Sample size	Mean age (years)	Percentage male (%)	Intervention	Control
Acocella [13]	1989	France, Greece, Spain	146	43.0	58.8	Doxycycline 1× 200 mg for 45 days + rifampicin 1× 900 mg for 45 days	Doxycycline 1× 200 mg for 45 days + streptomycin 1×1 g for 21 days
Ariza [9]	1985	Spain	56	33.0	80.0	Doxycycline 1×100 mg for 30 days (45 days)+rifampicin 15 mg/kg/day for 30 days (45 days)	Doxycycline 1×100 mg or tetracycline hydrochloride 4×0.5g for 30 days (45 days)+streptomycin 1×1 g for 21 days
Ariza [14]	1992	Spain	111	26.4	71.6	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days + rifampicin 15 mg/kg/day for 45 days	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days+streptomycin 1×1 g for 15 days
Bayindir[15]	2003	Turkey	102	40.5	55.0	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days + rifampicin 15 mg/kg/day for 45 days	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days+Streptomycin 1×1 g for 15 days
Colmenero [16]	1989	Spain	111	33.1	69.4	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days (60 days)+rifampicin 15 mg/kg/day for 45 days (60 days)	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 30 days (60 days)+Streptomycin 1×1 g for 21 days
Colmenero [17]	1994	Spain	19	33.3	65.0	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 6 weeks (12 weeks)+rifampicin 10–15 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks (12 weeks)	Doxycycline 2×100mg for 6weeks (12weeks)+Streptomycin 1×1 g for 3 weeks
Dorado[18]	1988	Spain	73	37.2	37.0	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 28 days + rifampicin 1×1200 mg for 7 days, followed by 1×600 mg for 21 days	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 40 days+Streptomycin 1×1 g for 21 days
Ersoy[19]	2005	Turkey	129	36.4	52.6	Doxycycline 200 mg/day for 6 weeks + rifampicin 600 mg/day for 6 weeks	Doxycycline 100 mg/day for 6 weeks+ Streptomycin 1 g/day for 3 weeks
Kosmidis[20]	1982	Greece	29	NA	NA	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 45 days+rifampicin 1×900 mg for 45 days	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 45 days+Streptomycin 1×1 g for 21 days
Montejo[21]	1993	Spain	130	46.0	74.0	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 6 weeks + rifampicin 1×900 mg for 6 weeks	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 6 weeks +Streptomycin 1×1 g for 2 or 3 weeks
Rodriguez Zap[22]	1987	Spain	72	36.0	80.0	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 45 days + rifampicin 1×900 mg for 45 days	Doxycycline 2×200 mg for 21 days+Streptomycin 1×1 g for 21 days
Solera [10]	1991	Spain	84	32.0	77.0	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days + rifampicin 1×900 mg for 21 days	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days+Streptomycin 1×1 g for 14 days
Solera [11]	1995	Spain	194	33.5	82.0	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days + rifampicin 1×900 mg for 45 days	Doxycycline 2×100 mg for 45 days+Streptomycin 1×1 g for 14 days
Hashemi [12]	2012	Iran	127	39.3	55.1	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 6 weeks + rifampicin 15 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks	Doxycycline 1×200 mg for 6 weeks + Streptomycin 1×1 g for 3 weeks