Table 1. Characteristics of the participants by gender 1.
| Variables | Male | Female | P3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number2 | 536 | 545 | |
| Age | 42.2±13.3 | 44.9+11.3 | 0.000 |
| Weight(kg) | 88.2±15.7 | 70.3+13.2 | 0.000 |
| Height (cm) | 176.51±6.15 | 162.30±5.81 | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.27±4.58 | 26.7+5.0 | 0.000 |
| WC (cm) | 99.45±12.64 | 91.25+13.59 | 0.000 |
| Hip (cm) | 101.28±9.94 | 102.53+11.42 | 0.055 |
| WHR | 0.98±0.06 | 0.89±0.07 | 0.000 |
| AF% | 37.92±10.53 | 45.1±10.1 | 0.000 |
| Android fat mass (g) | 2740.95±1347.60 | 2488.96±1178.87 | 0.001 |
| GF (%) | 29.36±7.45 | 45.31±6.44 | 0.000 |
| Gynoid fat mass (g) | 4017.17±1540.31 | 5217.74±1571.98 | 0.000 |
| TF (%) | 31.87±8.83 | 40.06±8.14 | 0.000 |
| Trunk fat mass (g) | 14882.92±6551.96 | 14298.81±5628.56 | 0.116 |
| VF (%) | 1.47±0.90 | 0.99±0.67 | 0.000 |
| Visceral fat mass (g) | 1369.22±969.51 | 731.10±566.03 | 0.000 |
| BF (%) | 26.41±7.47 | 38.49±7.11 | 0.000 |
| Total fat mass | 24081.97±10092.19 | 27372.78±9515.64 | 0.000 |
| LM (%) | 69.78±7.12 | 57.89±67.30 | 0.000 |
| Total lean mass | 60822.12±7916.59 | 39573.09±5201.14 | 0.000 |
| Physical activity | 8.37±1.56 | 7.99±1.49 | 0.000 |
| Calorie intake (kcal/day) | 2201.63±1021.79 | 1823.06±787.67 | 0.000 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.32±0.67 | 5.10±0.67 | 0.000 |
| Fasting TG (mmol/L) | 1.48±0.99 | 1.17±0.68 | 0.000 |
| Fasting TC (mmol/L) | 5.08±1.08 | 5.16±0.97 | 0.199 |
| Fasting HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.19±0.28 | 1.52±0.38 | 0.000 |
| Serum choline (μmol/L) | 13.16±3.21 | 13.84±2.97 | 0.000 |
| Serum betaine (μmol/L) | 37.59±11.32 | 31.11±11.76 | 0.000 |
WC, waist circumference; WHR, Waist-to-hip ratio; AF%, percent android fat; GF (%), percent gynoid fat; TF(%), percent trunk fat (%); VF (%), percent visceral fat; BF (%), total percent body fat; LM (%), total percent lean mass.
1 All values are mean ± SDs;
2 Sample size range in each study group;
3 Significant differences between female and male group, based on independence sample Student’s t-test, Statistical significance was set to P<0.05.