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. 2017 Dec 29;41(3):1201–1212. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3352

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Core components of the Hippo pathway. Willin is the upstream signaling molecule. Mst1/2, Lats1/2, Sav1 and Mob are the core components of the Hippo pathway. Willin stimulates Mst 1/2, then Mst 1/2 phosphorylates Lats1/2 via interaction with Sav1. Lats1/2 phosphorylates YAP/TAZ via interaction with Mob, leading to cytoplasmic retention and degradation of YAP/TAZ through phosphorylation of YAP Ser384 and binding of YAP Ser127 to 14-3-3 protein. When the kinase cascade is inactivated, phosphorylated YAP/TAZ translocate into the nucleus and generate gene expression via interaction with TEAD. YAP, Yes-associated protein; TAZ, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif; Ex, expanded; Mer, Merlin; Sav, Salvador; Hpo, Hippo; Wts, Warts; Yki, Yorkie; Sd, scalloped; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; S1PR, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor; LPAR, Lysophosphatidic acid receptor; Mst1/2, Hpo orthologs; Lats1/2, Wts orthologs; Sav1, Sav orthologs; Mob, Mats orthologs; G1, the gap before DNA replication; S, DNA synthetic phase; TEAD, transcriptional enhancer activator domain.